|
State
of the Florida
and Coastal State
Environment
s
Florida
and other coastal states
h
ave
been undergoing rapid growth and increasing
congestion with widespread adverse consequences that threaten our
environment, economy, and health. This includes many unsustainable
environmental and economic trends. There are solutions and options that can
improve most of these problems. Growth-related damage to Florida
and unsustainable trends include:
-
Export of
economic capital and falling value of the dollar due to
energy dependency
and huge sums for fuel
and fertilizer imports
-
Warmer ocean and coastal waters
, and
More
and bigger hurricanes
related to Global Warming
-
Sea Level Rise
and Coastal Erosion
-
Saltwater
intrusion
(1,17)
-
Drying up of lakes
and wetlands in many areas
(1)
-
Falling water tables
in some areas (1)
-
Contamination
of drinking water, groundwater, and surface waters by
toxics and runoff throughout Florida, with most surface waters
contaminated(1).
Autopsies
Find Microplastics in All Major Organs
- water bottles, plastic packaging, plastics in
water, etc.
-
Rapid decline of
the Everglades and coastal environments
(1,9,20)
-
Collapse in the
populations of fish, shellfish, birds, and wildlife of Florida
. Bird, bee, and insect populations are rapidly declining
catastrophically as a result of habitat loss,
misuse of pesticides
,
cell phone tower RF microwaves
,
and
global warming
.
-
Toxic fish and seafood
in the majority of the state due to
increased levels of mercury and toxics from emissions and coastal
pollution (1-6)
Dangerous
levels of mercury
in over 30% of the Florida population
- Disposal of increasing
levels of garbage and
sewage
, most containing high
levels of toxics
-
Increased accumulation
of toxics in the environment, significantly affecting Floridians, including
major increases in
birth defects
and infant
neurological
and
immune
problems
-
Huge "dead
zones" in Gulf waters due to increased fertilizer use and runoff into
rivers along with toxic pollutants.
(20,1)
Increased food prices due
to significant increases in energy and fertilizer prices.
(22)
The U.S. Commission on
Ocean Policy(9) released the following findings regarding the increasing
problems of the oceans and coastal areas:
••Thousands of acres of
coastal wetlands providing essential spawning, feeding and nursery areas for
three-fourths of U.S. commercial fish catches are disappearing each
year.
•• Ocean pollution,
largely from farmland and urban runoff, and human populations near shorelines
are increasing so much that proper coastal management is overwhelmed.
•• Fish stocks continue
to be depleted, and the advice of scientists too often is ignored at the
expense of fisheries and the long-term sustainability of the fishing
industry. Of the fully assessed U.S. fish stocks, 40 percent
are depleted or overfished.
•• Not enough study has
been given to the interaction between oceans and climate change.
The
latest U.N. FAO report on fisheries found that more
and stronger regional fisheries management organizations are
needed to rebuild depleted stocks and prevent the collapse of
other stocks(13).
The National Coalition for
Marine Conservation(14) found that numbers of most species of marine
fish are at an all-time low, and the chief culprit is overfishing to meet an
unprecedented demand for seafood. Modern, technologically-advanced
fishing fleets have the capacity to push most fish populations to the
brink. About one-fourth of the global catch - are killed and discarded
yearly by fishermen using huge nets, multi-mile longlines and other
indiscriminate gear. Some fleets throw away more fish than they
keep. This wasted "bykill" is a problem in almost every
fishery.
Most
salt water fish spend all or at least part of their lives in coastal waters,
where their environment is continually assaulted by pollution and
development. The massive destruction of wetlands and other vital
habitats directly reduces the number of fish the ocean can support.
Without healthy, properly functioning coastal ecosystems, fish cannot grow
and reproduce – in a word, they can’t survive
.
FLCV IS ISSUING THIS CALL
TO ACTION TO RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH THESE PROBLEMS.
This statement is a
summary and update of reports released earlier by Florida Watch Institute on
trends and the state of the Floridaenvironment.
It documents that the
continuing growth in Florida, and the resulting increase in wastes,
pollution, and toxics, has surpassed the regional carrying capacity in large
areas of Florida.
Hence we are now seeing
rapid declines in the state of the Floridaenvironment: in fish, seafood,
birds, and other wildlife, and in the quality of life and health of many
Floridians. Florida is experiencing increased congestion, water
shortages in coastal and urban areas, as well as contamination to thousands
of wells, lakes, rivers, and bays due to toxics and pollution from air emissions,
waste effluent and runoff, causing serious declines in fish and wildlife, and
also now affecting the food chain and the health of large numbers of
Floridians, especially children.
Examples:
The state is losing large
areas of wetlands due to growth and development each year.
Additionally, Central Florida has lost over 150,000 acres of
wetlands in recent years; (1,etc.) lakes throughout the north and
central Florida area have had declining water levels periodically;
and we
are seeing widespread saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers from water use
and pumping beyond the area''s carrying capacity. Salt-water
intrusion along the South Florida coast extends inland anywhere
from 5 to 15 km and also affectsmost coastal areas of Florida.
(17) This is leading to water wars between coastal and
inland counties and with other states.
Drainage
of wetland areas for urban and agricultural use, and diversion of water from
the Everglades and Florida Bay, have lead to catastrophic collapses of plant,
bird, and wildlife ecosystems in huge areas. There was a 90% decline in
wading birds in the Everglades, and sea grass, coral reefs, and
saltwater fisheries are rapidly declining or collapsing in areas
like Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. Elkhorn and Staghorn coral
used to be the dominant species on
the Florida and Caribbean reefs as recently as the 1980s,
but have
declined 97 percent
since the late 70's."
(25) Bleaching related to
global warming
along with pollution are significant factors in
this decline(29). Initiatives to identify and act to resolve
such problems need to be supported(26).Sea grass and fisheries are also
declining in most other areas of Florida.
A bill recently passed by the Florida
Legislature reducing flows of sewage into the coastal
waters is a
beginning to address some of these problems.
(2)
Pesticide
runoff from farms, lawns, and from spraying to control exotic
weeds and mosquitoes, is affecting fish and wildlife throughout Florida.
Catastrophic collapses have occurred in populations of amphibians, fish,
turtles, alligators, etc., due to organochlorine pesticide-induced
reproductive system abnormalities that are resulting in the inability to
reproduce. This has resulted in an over 90% decline in such populations
of Lake Apopka. Likewise, die-off of lobsters, clams, amphibians,
etc. is occurring in coastal areas. Similarly, fish, seafood, and
other wildlife of St. Josephs Bay, Perdido Bay, and many
rivers and lakes of Florida are contaminated by
dioxin
, which has similar effects as the
other organochlorinecompounds, but has also been found to be the most toxic
and carcinogenic compound ever tested. Marine mammals at the top of the food
chain, like dolphins, are experiencing die-offs in Florida and
world-wide, due to the accumulation of organochlorine compounds in
fish and marine mammals. (19
&
IndexP
)
(3) Every year there
is an huge dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico, more southern
beach closures, and more dying coral in the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary. (10) Every day, some 32 billion gallons of
agricultural, urban and industrial runoff (including oil, pesticides, and
manure) pollutes America's marine environment.
The pollution is
suffocating our coastal bays and estuaries, poisoning marine mammals, and
feeding outbreaks of stinging jellies and harmful algal blooms that
contribute to some 7,000 beach closures a year (9-11). Most of this is
attributable to so-called nitrogen-rich nonpoint-source pollution, pollution
from agricultural and other sources that follows down our rivers and
watersheds and into the sea(1). Nitrogen is essential for soil productivity, and
can be supplied by animal waste and plant decay. But too much of a good thing
can also be a bad thing, as anyone who's ever had a hangover will attest.
According to various studies and recent reports in Science and Scientific
American, synthetic, nitrogen-rich fertilizers developed after World War II,
along with the burning of fossil fuels, doubled the global nitrogen cycle
between 1960 and 1990.
Along with natural
nitrogen found in air, soil and lightening, this added input is too much for
the land to handle, and so the surplus is washed off into the world's rivers,
estuaries and oceans where it ends up feeding giant algae blooms.
The most productive and
diverse parts of America's seas, such as Florida's
coral reefs(29), need clean, clear, low-nutrient waters to thrive.
Algae, by contrast, loves farm waste and other nutrients, and in their
presence, will bloom into a green, light-obscuring soup that sucks oxygen out
of the water as it decays, killing off massive numbers of reef fish and
suffocating living coral. Nutrient pollution from the Mississippi River,
along with nutrient runoff from South Florida's federally subsidized sugar
industry and coastal sprawl, eventually ends up on the reefs, according to
scientists working on Aquarius, the world's last underwater research station,
located some seven miles off (and 50 feet below the waters of) Key Largo,
Fla. Every spring, the Gulf of Mexico experiences a seasonal algae
bloom that creates huge dead zones, where there is so little dissolved oxygen
in the water that no fish or bottom dwelling life can survive(11).
(4) The food chain and
seafood in several bays have been contaminated by radioactive elements like
radium from phosphate mining wastes and coal or ash pile runoff. Likewise,
bays, lakes, and drainage ponds are accumulating highly toxic and
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (
PAHs)
and toxic metals like
mercury
,
cadmium, lead, and copper
, from air emissions,
urban runoff, industrial effluent, and sewage.
(5) Toxic metals, like
mercury, lead, and cadmium, as well as
endocrine system-disrupting chemicals
, like dioxin and PAHs,
are getting into the food chain from emissions of incinerators and fossil
fuel combustion. This has resulted in over half the rivers and lakes
in Florida having health warnings regarding dangerous levels of
mercury or other toxics in the fish and widespread fish disease and fish
cancer.
Dangerous levels of
mercury and other toxics
are also commonly being found in shellfish and saltwater
fish such as tuna, swordfish, bluefish, sharks, mackerel, grouper, and many
other commercial and recreational species at the top of the food chain.
The level of mercury in
people eating such seafood has been found to commonly exceed dangerous levels
as well, and to result in levels in about 10% of women of childbearing age
high enough to cause developmental effects on infants. Mercury from
dental
amalgam fillings
is also a similarly large source of mercury in large numbers of
people in Florida. The level of dioxin found in the food chain, in
people, and in mother's milk in many areas of the country is above the level
found to cause serious harm to animals in studies,
and Florida appears to have some of the highest emission rates in
the country. (18)
Toxics in the food chain
in Florida have been documented to be causing serious harm to
wildlife populations like panthers, alligators, and fish eating birds, and
also appear to be seriously affecting people in Florida, causing
increased reproductive problems and reproductive system abnormalities and
cancer.
(6) We
are generating millions of pounds of toxics with no legal place to dispose of
them in Florida, and running out of places to dispose of the growing
volumes of garbage, sewage, and industrial effluent, which is often
contaminated with toxics
.
For example, the average amount of
mercury in Florida sewage
is 3 parts per million, a very high
level.
Floridians generate
millions of tons of garbage and billions of gallons of sewage each
year; Most landfills and sewers are documented to have dangerous
levels of toxics, resulting in contamination of groundwater, lakes, rivers,
bays, fish, crops (where sewer sludge in used), and rainfall(high levels of
mercury in rain outgased from these sources). There have been high
levels of toxic metals, dioxin, and acid pollutants deposited throughout Florida's
lakes, streams, bays, ecosystem, and food chain by emissions from
incinerators and power plants. This is resulting not only in serious
environmental degradation and damage to groundwater, surface water, wildlife,
sea grasses, and coral reefs, but also in adverse health effects and
ever-increasing costs to dispose of these wastes in a manner without doing
serious environmental damage.
In Southeast Florida, a lot of what gets flushed winds up
where people fish and sometimes swim and affecting offshore reefs. According
to the Miami Herald, Southeast County sewage facilities pump more than a half
billion gallons per day of sewage into the Atlantic Ocean, with
with
Miami-Dade flushing about 208 million gallons of wastewater a day into the
ocean; Broward, 191 million; and Palm Beach, 108 million. (29) Other areas
also have such ocean outfalls.
Fertilizer, pesticides,
pharmaceuticals, Prozac, estrogen, anti-bacterial soap, toxic metals, oils,
and countless other chemicals pour into the ocean off southeast Florida, shot
through sewer pipes to ocean outfalls and washed off lawns, golf courses,
roads and farms. Studies have shown
these chemicals andalgae growth fueled by the fertilizer and
organics are harming Florida’s reefs and
related sealife. Bacteria counts in the water off beaches
from outfalls or more commonly from septic tanks have caused dangerous
swimming conditions and often closed beaches
throughout Florida. (9-11,1)
(7) Floridian’s
generate approximately
95
,0
0
,000 tons of
garbage per year, about
4.3
tons per person per year .
(28)
Approximately 24% is recycled and 25.4% is incinerated, with
most of the rest landfilled. Several counties or cities also
have mulch processing facilities for yard organics. There are 11
incinerators and 53 Class I or II landfills
in Florida. Florida has had a significant decrease in
curbside recyling collections since
2000. Florida is much below average
in recycling, California recycles 52% of its garbage for
example. In recent years the Florida Legislature has
cut recycling-education grants moneys, according to county waste division
staff.
(8) There has been a very
large increase in
birth defects, neurologically damaged children
with
conditions such as
autism, ADHD,
etc. and
allergic conditions
such as allergies, asthma, systemic eczema, etc. due to
increased exposure to toxic substances. The National Academy of Sciences
recently found that almost 50% of births result in birth defects,
neurologically damaged infants, or other chronic developmental health
problems--
mostly related to toxic exposures.
(21,22)
Arsenic
has also been found to be
having significant adverse health effects on Florida children, with neurological
conditions common and also cancer(24). Treated wood used on
playgrounds and decks has been found to be a common source of arsenic, as
well as contaminated seafood.
Likewise there is a large
increase in chronic autoimmune conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome,
fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, lupus, multiple chemical sensitivities,
etc. among the adult population
due to exposure to toxic substances
. Such
conditions commonly
improve
after elimination
of toxic source and detoxification.
(9) Florida is
almost totally energy dependent and imports over $45 billion dollars of fuel
each year plus additional fertilizer imports. This constitutes a huge capital
drain on the state economy, not to mention a significant portion of the
national trade deficit each year. Some north Florida areas have
also been found to have high lung cancer rates that appear to be related to
air emissions of acid pollutants and toxic metals; and Central
Florida has high lung cancer rates related to phosphate mine wastes and
radon.
(10) There is scientific
consensus that
global warming
and
is
extremely serious problems already affecting Floridians and
people throughout the world. Recent years were the hottest in history and the
ozone decline over the Antarctic and rest of the world the is still
a significant problem. Florida is especially susceptible to the
effects of global warming.
Global warming has
already had major effects on climate with heat waves, droughts, water table
draw-down, increased crop losses, stronger storms with increased
damage, increasing range of insect-borne diseases from the tropics, sea level
rise and coastal erosion. Recent years have been the warmest in recorded
history and follow the warmest decade in history. Ice in glaciers and ice
sheets are rapidly
melting
and disintegrating.
There are many
measures and options
to improve energy
efficiency and sustainable energy trends.
Recent year's ozone holes
over the Antarctic were some of the earliest and worst in history,
bigger than the entire U.S., and a hole also develops over the Arctic that
affects larger numbers of people due to the higher population in northern
latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Increased skin cancer from ozone layer
thinning and more rapid sea level rise have been documented; each could have
immense impacts on Florida's coastal areas and tourist industries.
With continuing growth,
increasing levels of pollution, and resource shortages becoming more
evident, its more important than ever that we elect leaders that
have an understanding and concern for these problems. There are solutions
that can reduce these problems, but insufficient resources or time have been
given in recent years to these growing problems in Florida. It is clear
that some areas of Florida have surpassed the carrying capacity of
water and other resources, as well as the ability to dispose of wastes in an
environmentally acceptable and cost effective manner. Toxic pollution from
air emissions, urban and agricultural runoff, and effluent must be dealt with
more effectively and soon, or the damage already widespread will become even
worse. Floridians and legislators need to become more educated on these
issues and take them more seriously, because they threaten our quality of
life and that of our children. There are cost effective solutions and
measures to alleviate most problems if all costs are evaluated and new
options considered.
(11) World prices for basic food stocks have been increasing at unprecedented
rates in 2008, threatening billions of those living in poverty with
starvation or malnutrition, and putting strains on people’s budgets
everywhere. Along with soaring labor, water and fuel costs, increasing
fertilizer costs have been draining farmers' savings and will probably lead
to higher prices for fruits and vegetables to go with separate increases in
meat, poultry and dairy products. More than 90 percent of the potash
fertilizer used in the U.S. is imported. The U.S.imported
about 57 percent of its nitrogen fertilizer last year and the price has been
increasing due to increased natural gas prices, the major feedstock for
nitrogen fertilizer. These along with increases in imported oil
and other fuels and the rapid price increases have added to the continuing
federal trade deficits and been a factor in the increased U.S. debt
and falling value of the dollar. (12,13). Programs and support for
using more locally grown vegetables and meat and low till, low energy, water efficient
methods can greatly improve these problems.
World
fertilizer prices surged by more than 200 percent in 2007, as farmers sought
to maximize corn production for ethanol, according to
the InternationalCenter for Soil Fertility and Agricultural
Development (IFDC). IFDC notes that from January 2007 to January
2008 diammonium phosphate (DAP) prices rose from $252 per ton in
January 2007 to $752 (U.S. Gulf price); prilled urea rose from $272
to $415 per ton (Arab Gulf price); and muriate of potash (MOP) rose
from $172 to $352 (Vancouver price). At the same time the price of 1 metric
ton of corn rose from $3.05/bushel to $4.28/bushel.
Corn hit a record price of above $7 a bushel for July
2008 delivery on the Chicago Board of Trade after the government cut its
forecasts for the 2008 yield by 3%. (12,13)
According to USDA’s National Agriculture
Statistics Service, fertilizer prices in May 2008 were 69 percent higher than
they were in May 2007. And the 2007 prices represented an increase in costs
of 158 percent compared to May 2000.
Officials estimate that
nitrogen prices might increase as much as 50 percent in 2008 due to rising
costs of natural gas, the main ingredient in nitrogen, and increased export
demand.
(12) High
levels of mercury in sewage is a significant source of mercury
in Floridawater bodies, fish, and wildlife(27a). Over
50% of Florida water bodies, including coastal waters and
estuaries, have warnings regarding high levels of mercury in fish. While
emissions are a large source of mercury in water bodies, the largest source
of mercury in sewers is from
dental amalgam fillings
flushed down dental office drains and
toilets used by people with mercury amalgam fillings. “Silver” fillings
actually are 50% mercury and people with several amalgam fillings get high
daily exposures of mercury, averaging 30 micrograms per day(EPA,27a), and on
average
10 times higher mercury
exposure than those
without amalgams. Since mercury is a gas at room temperature, mercury from
dental amalgam or other sources vaporizes continuously and people with
amalgam fillings or metal crowns over amalgam base get high daily exposures
of mercury. EMF from appliances and power lines also causes
galvanic currents
in metal fillings, resulting in mercury and other toxic
metals being taken into the gums, jawbone, and saliva before being
distributed throughout the body by the blood. This could be one
reason for adverse health effects caused by
EMF
. Several states and European countries have banned
use of mercury amalgam in dentistry or require warnings of significant
exposures and adverse health effects from dental amalgam. Amalgam removed by
dentists must be disposed of as toxic waste, but significant mercury
emissions come from amalgams in people cremated (27a). Surveys have found
that over 30% of Floridians have dangerous levels of mercury, with the
largest sources of exposure coming from dental
amalgam fillings
,
fish
, and for infants or
those getting flu shots from
vaccinations
.
(12) Inefficient transportation systems and
congestion are wasting large amounts of energy. More
efficient and effective mass transportation options, park and ride
facilities, more availability of bicycle and walking facilities, energy
efficient community design, and electric vehicles using more efficient and
long-lasting battery options recently developed can make a big difference
Sources:
(1) Florida Dept.
of Environmental Protection,
Integrated Water Quality Assessment for Florida: 2006
305(b) Report
and
303(d) List Update, May 2, 2006; (summary:
www.
my
flcv.com/FlGWFDEP.html
) full
report:
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/tmdl/docs/2006_Integrated_Report.pdf
, &
FDEP
2019
(2) B.
Windham(Ed.), Mercury in Florida Freshwater and Saltwater Fish and
People: Mercury Levels by Species, Sources,Levels in People Who Eat
Fish at Least Once Per Week, etc.; 20
1
7,
www.
my
flcv.com/flhg.html
;
Fish
Mercury and Human Health Advisories
,
Florida
Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission
,2019
(3)
Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Toxicology, Health
Advisories for Mercury in Florida Fish 2005 & 1997; 10-15; & FDEP,
Toxic metal levels in Florida shellfish, 1990
,
&
Fish
Consumption Advisories
, 2019
(4) U.S. Geological Survey, The Occurrence of Mercury in the
Fishery Resources of the Gulf of Mexico; http://mo.cr.usgs.gov/gmp/hg.cfm ;
& D.H.Adams,R.H.McMichael, Florida Marine Research Institute,
Technical Reports, Mercury Levels in Marine and Estuarine Fishes of Florida;
& FFWCC,
http://marinefisheries.org/Pubs/mercury.htm
; &
Mercury
in Groupers and Sea Basses from the Gulf of Mexico
: Relationships with
Size, Age, and Feeding Ecology
,
September 2012
,
Transactions of the American
Fisheries Society
& B. Windham,
Dental Amalgam wastes in sewers is
a major source of mercury in fish
, 2018,
Clues
to High Mercury Along the Gulf Coast
,
2019
(5) Mobile Register,
Mercury Series(Aug 2001 to Mar 2002): Mercury Taints Seafood,
www.al.com/specialreport/?mobileregister/mercuryinthewater.html.
(6)Thomas D. Atkeson, FDEP Mercury Coordinator, South
Florida Mercury Science Program,MERCURY IN FLORIDA'S
ENVIRONMENT,www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/mercury/docs/flmercury.htm
;
&
Lethal
mercury in the Everglades exceeds EPA standards
, 2020
(7) Florida Marine
Research Institute,
www.floridamarine.org/
; &
http://marinefisheries.org/Pubs/mercury.htm
(8)
Florida Wildlife
Federation
,
https://fwfonline.org/site
; &
Fish
and Wildlife Foundation of Florida
(9) U.S. Commission
on Ocean Policy, John Heilprin The Associated Press, SeattleTimes Sept
23 2002
; &
U.S.
Commission on Ocean Policy | Oceanography
, 2015
(10)
Florida algae crisis: Red tide causing dead zone off SW
FL coast
&
NOAA forecasts very large 'dead zone' for Gulf of Mexico
...
2019
, &
Marine
life can't live in the Gulf's growing 'dead zone' -- and it's largely our
fault
; 2019
(11)
Scientists
Find the Key to Bringing Dead Zones Back to Life
; & Bringing
life back to dead zones, 2018
&
Bringing life back to dead zones in the water -
Kemira.com
(12) International Center for
Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development (IFDC), 2007; & USDA’s
National Agriculture Statistics Service, 2008.
(13)
The
State of
World Fisheries
and Aquaculture
(SOFIA),
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS (FAO), 20
1
6
&
New steps
toward sustainable trade in fish
,
(14)
THE THREATS TO OUR OCEAN FISHERIES:
Overfishing, Bycatch and
Marine Habitat Loss
, National Coalition for Marine Conservation,
2008
&
NCM
C Positions on
Current Fishery Management Issues,
&
Overfishing
, a major
threat to the global
marine
ecology
(15)
Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary
.
&
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/us/22coral.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
(16)
Southeast Florida Coral
Reef Initiative,
(17)
USGS.gov | Science for a changing world
,
Salt
Water Intrusion
, 2019
U.S. Geological Survey,
http://www.geo.vu.nl/users/swim/pdf/swim18/Fitterman.pdf
(18) B.
Windham(Ed.),
" Dioxin
&
Other
Organochlorine and
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-
Summary of Health Effects, Areas
Affected
, and Sources" 20
18
(19) B. Windham(Ed.),
Adverse Health Effects of
Pesticides
, 20
1
6;
(20) B. Windham(Ed.),
"Public and Private
Wells
and
Surface
Waters
Contaminated
by
Toxics in Florida- Incidence, Chemicals Involved, Sources,
etc." 1999;
(21) B.
Windham,"" Increase in Children''s Neurological and
Immune Conditions due to exposure to mercury and other toxic metals: autism,
schizophrenia, ADD, allergies, asthma, eczema, lupus, etc. 2017;
www.
my
flcv.com/indexk.html
(22) B. Windham(Ed.),
"
Cognitive & Behavioral
Effects of Toxic Metal Exposure
(including effects on achievement,
juvenile delinquency, crime, etc.), 20
1
7;
(23) B. Windham,
Adverse Health Effects Related to
Solvents and Industrial Chemicals
. 20
19
,
(24) B. Windham(Ed.),
Arsenic exposure levels, sources,
and neurological effects
, 20
1
6,
(25) Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection,
Florida Environment, (see web site) & Florida's Coastline, Coastal Waters:
A Pattern of Distress, By Cynthia Barnett,
Florida Trend
June 2003
Issue
&
Florida
Coastal Resilience
Nature Conservancy, 2020
(26)
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1134, By
Benjamin F. McPherson and Robert Halley
http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/circular/1134/2002
;
USGS Current Water Data for
Florida
, 2020
(27) (a)
Environmental Mercury Levels and
Effects from Dental Amalgam
, & (b) B. Windham,
"
Mercury & Other Toxic Metals
:
Affected
Lakes, Rivers, and Bays; Sources, Emissions, Deposition, Health Effects,
& Controls" 20
18
.
(28) BioCycle April
2006, Vol. 47, No. 4, p. 26 & Orlando Sentinel, 2006
;
&
2017
Municipal Solid Waste Management Annual Repor
t
,
(29) Scientific Studies documenting the
problems of Florida Reefs, 2008, Compilation:
http://www.reefrelief.org/science_index.shtml
& .
http://www.cdnn.info/news/eco/e060416.html
Coral Reef Restoration- Mote Marine
|