HW299 ALL VACCINES HAVE
TOXINS AND VACCINES CAUSE GREAT HARM TO THE EXTENT VACCINATED CHILDREN ARE LESS
HEALTHY THAN UNVACCINATED CHILDREN
I.
Vax-
Unvax
: Let the Science Speak (RFK, Jr/CHD Book)
The most comprehensive credible source of vaccine safety available, reviews
over 100 peer reviewed medical studies dealing with vaccination safety, risk,
and benefit.
[
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! ***** The Studies the CDC Refuses to
Do].
RFK, Jr has devoted
his life and practice to
protecting
the health of children
and others as well as
the environment
through the non-profit organizations
he has been the
President of and by his
legal practice as one of the primary defenders of health and his fight against
disinformation and corruption.
Mr. Kennedy was named one of the Time Magazine Heroes for the
Planet for his success helping Riverkeeper lead the fight to restore the Hudson
River. His reputation as a resolute defender of the environment and
children�s
health and against corruption stems from a
litany of successful legal actions which has resulted in a
huge disinformation campaign against
him by Pharmaceuticals and their captured and colluding Federal Health Agencies
.
The peer-reviewed
medical studies reviewed in Vax-UnVax documented that all vaccines contain
toxins and do harm, and most vaccines cause considerable harm more than
benefits seen for the condition in question. With the result being that all
medical studies found and reviewed documented that vaccinated children are much
more unhealthy than unvaccinated children (similar for adults). The conditions
in question can be prevented or have consequences reduced by healthy lifestyle
and boosting the immune condition. There are also effective treatments that
reduce the effect of most chronic conditions.
II.
Miller’s Review of 400 Critical Vaccine Studies, Dr Neil
Z Miller,
III.
Dissolving
Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and The Forgotten History
, 10
th
Edition, 2024, Dr Suzanne Humphries. (
Fully referenced comprehensive resource
history of vaccines from
their beginning to current time describing the dark side of the vaccine story
and the manipulation of the medical literature and public opinion by the
Pharmaceuticals. Includes vaccines studies throughout the history.
Dissolving Illusions details facts and
figures from long-overlooked medical journals, books, newspapers, and other
sources. Using myth-shattering graphs, this book shows that vaccines,
antibiotics, and other medical interventions are not responsible for the
increase in lifespan and the decline in mortality from infectious diseases. The
major factors were better living conditions, public health and sanitation
measures, and better nutrition. There was a continuous decline in infectious
disease deaths whose rate of decline was little affected by the introduction of
the vaccines. No virus has ever been eradicated by vaccines and given the
nature of such, likely never could be. The evidence supports that most vaccines
and the increasing number of injections have done more harm than benefit. If the
medical profession could systematically misinterpret and ignore key historical
information, the question must be asked, “What else is ignored and
misinterpreted today?” Perhaps the best reason to know our history is so that
the worst parts are never repeated.
)
V.
Adverse
Drug Related Deaths: 3
rd
Leading Cause of Death in the U.S.
ADR-related
deaths
have become the third leading
cause of death in the U.S.
Each year ADRs account for over
250,000
emergency visits in the United States and more than 100,000 people
die from the ADRs of medical products
. Each year ADRs account for over
250,000
emergency visits in the United States and more than 100,000 people
die from the ADRs of medical products
The major risk factor is polypharmacy. This is more common in elderly and pediatric patients.
Vaccines are now a
significant cause of death not included here, and health provider mistakes.
VI.
Dr Russell Blaylock,
All Vaccines Cause Health Damage and Brain Damage, mRNA vaccines are the Worst,
The Blaylock Wellness Report, V21, N2, Feb 2024.
All
Vaccinations have been documented to cause chronic inflammation, which has been
documented to cause health harm to all who are vaccinated. The mRNA by their
nature are the worst by more than an order of magnitude
and
have no net benefit
.
All
vaccines by their nature cause immune stimulation (having adjuvants), but
unlike other immune stimulations they do so long term thus causing long term
harm.
This
is especially true of Pregnant Women and Infants (when the brain is most
rapidly developing).
Until
recently all experts and obstetricians knew this and warned against vaccines
during Pregnancy. Now during the Pandemic, the Pharmaceuticals have convinced
the Health Authorities to change this policy and urge pregnant women to get the
Covid injection and other harmful injections.
But
this is documented to have caused
infertility
in women
(and men) and a huge increase in miscarriages, stillbirths,
deformed babies, and
neurological
conditions
including Autism, ADHD, etc. The neurological conditions are
often delayed effects.
Chap.
2 of Vax-
Unvax
(I.)
11 Studies reviewed
in Chap 2 found that vaccinated children had significantly more incidence and
higher risk of Autism, ADHD, Neurological Conditions, Neurological
Developmental Disorders, Pneumonia, Asthma, Chronic Respiratory Infections, Ear
Infections, Throat Infections, Eczema, Chronic Allergies, Anemia, Convulsions
or Seizures, Fever, Hospital Admissions, etc.
The
results were statistically significant.
5 Peer-reviewed medical
studies reviewed in Chap 2 of Vax-
Unvax
found that
vaccinated
children were 2 to 10 times more likely than unvaccinated children
to
have Asthma
. The studies were significantly significant.
4 peer-reviewed studies in
Chap2 of Vax-Unvax found that
vaccinated children had between 2 and 25 times
more ear infections than unvaccinated children
, and likewise more throat
and viral infections.
Mercury
Thimerosal
Chap. 3
of Vax-
Unvax
(I) reviews several peer-reviewed
studies that document
that thimerosal in vaccines has caused Autism, ADHD,
and other Neurological Conditions
and vaccinated children who have received
such vaccines have had a higher incidence of these conditions.
Pages
20-43 of Miller’s Review
review
165 medical studies
that document that vaccines containing thimerosal cause developmental delays,
autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including Autism, neurodevelopmental disorders,
sleep disorders, psychomotor disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders,
etc. in children and children of vaccinated mothers. Review studies document
that the 6 CDC studies used by CDC to claim vaccines don’t cause autism were
invalid or fraudulent.
Mercury/Thimerosal/Autism Connection
abstracts from over 190 research studies detailing the effects of including thimerosal in vaccines.
[
This review found 91
studies that examine the potential relationship between mercury and ASD from
1999 to February 2016. Of these studies, the vast majority (74%) suggest that
mercury is a risk factor for ASD, revealing both direct and indirect effects.
The preponderance of the evidence indicates that mercury exposure is causal
and/or contributory in ASD.
]
The Relationship Between the Level of
Copper, Lead,
Mercury
and Autism Disorders: A
Meta-Analysis,
Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
,
Sept 2020
Conclusion:
There is a
significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism. Thus, the
concentration of mercury can be listed as a pathogenic cause (disease-causing)
for autism.
Mercury
thimerosal in vaccines is documented to cause Autism and ADHD
. Studies that
claim otherwise likely have limitations or problems.
Peer-reviewed
medical studies reviewed in
Chap 4 of Vax-Unvax found
that the MMR
vaccine has a high level of adverse effects and is documented to be
a cause
of Autism, ADHD, Gastrointestinal, and Neurological Conditions.
Aluminum
(See also
HW295
)
Studies
reviewed on pages 44-63 of Miller’s Review (II.) document that aluminum which
is used in most vaccines as an adjuvant is neurotoxic and causes neurotoxicity
damage and autoimmune conditions in some people. It has been shown to cause
chronic fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive disorders, Autism, and other
neurological conditions.
Measles
Mumps and MMR Vaccine /
(Studies
reviewed on pages 139-148 of II and p503-568 of III document that Measles is
not a dangerous condition
as long as
you have adequate
nutrition and level of Vitamin A. Also, that childhood cases of measles and
mumps protect against heart attacks and strokes and allergies during adulthood.
Also, that immunity of MMR Vaccine declines and measles can be spread by a vaccinated
person. Also, hospital and emergency room visits are significantly more common
for children getting MMR vaccine, especially young children, and girls, Also,
increased asthma and allergies in adulthood if received MMR vaccine. Children
who received vaccines earlier were more likely to get asthma and allergies,
including food allergies.)
Measles deaths like the other infectious diseases affecting
childred
showed a similar decline in U.S. & England,
reaching a very low rate by the 1960s well before and not affected by mass
vaccination. By then Alexander Langmuir (Father of Infectious Disease
Epidemiology) described measles as: self-limiting infection of short duration,
moderate severity, and low fatality. (P503-568 of III)
MMR
:
A 2006 study in the journal Pediatrics found 18% of
toddlers experienced an adverse event following their first dose of
measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Of those, high fever occurred in 6%.
Similarly, a 2010 paper in Pediatrics reported Seizure and fever significantly
clustered 7 to 10 days after vaccination with all measles-containing vaccines.
Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2,300
doses given.
MMR Vaccines contain aluminum and multidose MMR Vials contain
mercury
. Aluminum
and
mercury from vaccines
are
documented to cause Autism and ADHD.
Along with
other neurotoxic conditions.
Childhood
Asthma & Allergies [Chap5 of I, and p172-181 of II]
5 Peer-reviewed medical
studies reviewed in Chap2 of Vax-Unvax found that
vaccinated children were 2
to 10 times more likely than unvaccinated children
to have Asthma,
and also
allergies
. The studies were significantly
significant.
PRB:
Childhood Asthma: A Growing American Epidemic
(Asthma
increased
by 75 percent between 1980 and 1994. The illness has grown fastest among the
youngest children: The number of children under 5 years of age with asthma
surged by 160 percent during that period.
Scientists believe that an array of different factors, including genetic
predisposition, immune and respiratory factors, infections, and environmental
pollutants, potentially contribute to the onset of asthma and most certainly
exacerbate it. Some of the environmental agents known to trigger attacks
include outdoor air pollutants, as well as
a number of
indoor air pollutants (particularly tobacco smoke, dust mites, cockroaches,
mold, and pesticides)
)
WebMD:
Childhood Cancer
Rates Are Rising. Why?
Cancer
the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) says there has been a significant increase in the overall rate
of childhood cancers, up 27% since 1975 in kids under age 19, The rise seems to
be driven, by an increase in
leukemia
, which is up
almost 35% since 1975. Leukemia is the most common cancer in kids. BUT Soft
tissue cancers, like those that develop in bones or muscles, are up nearly 42%.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is up 34%. Some type of increased environmental exposure
is a likely factor as well as increased vaccinations.
Vaccines reduce the
function of the innate immune system and thus make one more susceptible to
chronic conditions.
For
2021-2023 Turbo Cancers have increased.
Autoimmune
Conditions (studies reviewed p41-63 and 137-146 of II)
Cedars Sinai:
Autoimmune
Diseases on the Rise | What to Know
In the wake of the
COVID-19 pandemic, new studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infections and/or
vaccination
s might be linked to a
substantially increased risk of developing a range of autoimmune diseases,
including rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, shingles, MS,
Guillaume bare, Palsy
,
inflammatory bowel disease, etc.
Studies in Vax-
Unvax
(I) and (II) found
that
vaccination cause autoimmune conditions and vaccinated children have a
higher incidence of autoimmune conditions than unvaccinated children
.
HPV
[According to
Chap5 of Vax-
Unvax
,
and studies on p127-138 of II,
the majority of
HPV
strains cause skin problems that are self-limiting, but some strains when they
infect the cervix can develop into cancer over time. But these are easily
detected by PAP SMEAR TESTS and can be safely removed. There is little risk of
cancer
as long as
one gets PAP Screen tests. No
clinical trials have shown the HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and
serious adverse effects are common.
The Merc Gardasil HPV Vaccine was approved without proper testing
for safety or effectiveness. Authorities have an incentive to approve such
vaccines and they benefit significantly from approval. But serious adverse
events and deaths during the faulty clinical trial were at least 50% greater
compared to all other vaccines. There were
significantly more neurological
conditions and anti-brain antibodies that caused behavioral disorders, etc.
Likewise for celiac disease, asthma, and other conditions.]
Girls and young women experiencing
complications from Merck’s Gardasil HPV vaccine show symptoms and biological
markers of autoimmune conditions, according to a new study published in The
Journal of Autoimmunity. Safety signals were already evident during Gardasil’s
clinical trials, and by 2013, researchers were noting the unusually high
frequency of adverse reactions related to
HPV vaccines
reported worldwide. The Gardasil Vaccine was responsible in the U.S. for
three-fifths of all serious vaccine reactions reported in young women under age
30, including 64% of deaths and 81% of cases of permanent disability. Some of
the
signature
impacts
observed following HPV vaccination — which afflict a number of the
plaintiffs — include permanently disabling autoimmune and/or neurological
conditions such as
postural
orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
(POTS),
fibromyalgia
and
myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
(ME/CFS). Past epidemiological
studies have found associations between quadrivalent Gardasil and a laundry
list of autoimmune conditions:
Addison’s disease
,
Behcet’s
syndrome
,
celiac disease
,
Guillain-Barre
syndrome
,
Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis
Young Florida Woman
Sues Merck Over Gardasil HPV Vax: Triggered Fibromyalgia
Brought U.S. District Court for the
Western District of North Carolina
on December 20, the complaint’s
allegations combined
with over 130 others
are also suing the New
Jersey-based pharmaceutical company due to the failure to warn about risks
associated with the HPV vaccine. By age 20, plaintiff Harmony L. Calhoun claims
to have suffered through two months of body hives and now faces what doctors
are declaring could be permanent nerve pain reports legal website
About Lawsuits
.
Ms. Calhoun along with
all of
the other plaintiffs now claim that the
pharmaceutical company through its labeling is failing to adequately warn the
public of the risks of what appear at least in some cases to be permanent and
life-changing autoimmune adverse effects linked to the HPV shot.
Polio (vaccines can’t
be effective because the polio virus is not the primary cause of polio,
p348-428 of III) (paralysis associated with toxics like DDT, arsenic, etc. by
studies and declined when DDT banned, vaccines can cause paralysis) polio
vaccine
changed
and cases declined like other viruses
but contrary to claims has never been eradicated in any population).
India
Claim of Polio Eradication by Vaccination was bogus and fraud.
Using a
consistent definition of a polio case, there
is no evidence that polio got
eradicated. If one were to go by the traditional way where all acute flaccid
paralysis cases used to be classified as polio, polio cases
actually
skyrocketed
as the vaccination programs intensified.
Nephrologist
Dr. Suzanne Humphries:
One
of the reasons the polio vaccine doesn’t work is because polio isn’t caused by
an infectious virus. It’s caused by toxins such as pesticides.
Poliomyelitis
is when there’s damage to a certain part of the spinal cord or the brain stem
in the gray matter and causes paralysis in one or more muscle groups. It can
cause paralysis to nerves that supply the diaphragm, which is why the iron lung
was brought in. [
Poliomyelitis
] was always attributed to a virus, which
is interesting when you consider that the early researchers were trying to
infect monkeys with poliovirus, and they couldn’t infect them.
Chap7 of Vax-
Unvax
(I) and studies on
p64-84 of II review studies that document that Flu Vaccines have caused great
harm and some versions have been disastrous. Flu is relatively easy to treat
safely and not as dangerous as people have been propagandized to believe.
Vaccination against common strains of Flu can make one more susceptible to more
dangerous strains. Flu vaccines have aluminum adjuvant, and many have mercury
thimerosal which are documented to cause serious neurological conditions.
Studies have found flu vaccine not effective for young children and elderly and
can cause serious problems in some. Vaccinated children are more susceptible to
other viruses and have more allergies and asthma.
No clear evidence flu vaccines
effective
but
significant
harm well documented
.
On
September
21, 2005
,
The New York
Times
published a ground-breaking story
reporting on a study with strong evidence that
flu shots are ineffective and possibly
even harmful in the most highly targeted group, the elderly.
Published in
The Lancet
Online
(September, 2005), the study provided no new
data but reviewed 64 existing studies that evaluated the effectiveness of the
flu vaccine
over 96 flu seasons. The authors
concluded that the effectiveness of flu shot,
particularly
in the elderly, was
wildly overstated.
There are
published studies showing annual influenza vaccination often cause harm and
takes its toll on your health,
3
4
5
6
and may do more
harm than good in the long term. See
HW299
3.
Vaccine December
1998;16(20):1929-32
Study
finds increased risk of Stroke after Flu Vaccination.
Researchers found that people with administration
of a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine
alone
had
an elevated risk for the combined
outcome of non-hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack in both the 1-21
days risk window (risk difference of 1.65 per 100,000 doses) and 22-42 days
risk window (risk difference of 1.60 per 100,000 doses).
Flu
Vaccination During Early Pregnancy Linked to Nearly Eightfold Risk of
Miscarriage
For
some symptoms, the difference between COVID-19 symptom frequencies and
Influenza symptom frequencies was quite large, COVID-19 always being larger.
The symptom frequencies for all
symptoms following COVID-19 vaccinations
total
4,186,684 events reported to VAERS
, and symptom frequencies for all
symptoms
following Influenza vaccinations
total
178,284 events
.
This yields an overall aggregate COVID-19/Influenza post-vaccination symptom
ratio of 23.48.
The real-world symptom frequencies
for all symptoms
following
COVID-19 vaccinations
wirh
UC factor of 66
totaled
276.3 million events
, and real-world symptom frequencies for all
symptoms
following Influenza vaccinations
totaled
11.7 million events
. The
data show the vaccine increases vulnerability to the infection that the vaccine
is supposed to prevent.
Cardiovascular
issues, blood issues, and cancer
issues were some of the more noticeable
sub-themes that
displayed extreme differences
between 1) post-COVID-19
vaccination symptoms and 2) post-influenza vaccination symptoms. See tables for
details of type of cases.
Cancers
are appearing within
(sometimes well within) the three years since COVID-19 vaccinations started,
far sooner than would be expected from their typical latency periods.
This does not bode well for the future for those who were vaccinated.
CDC:
COVID
Vaccinated Children More Likely to Be Hospitalized for Respiratory Illness
Chap6 of Vax-
Unvax
(I) and studies on p56-59
of (II) document that
vaccines were a major factor in serious Gulf War
Disease problems. The odds ratio of Vax vs Unvax was significantly higher and
much higher for increased number of vaccinations.
Pertussis/DTaP and DPT Vaccines (review of studies on 85-104 and
172-199 of II and p432-498 in III)
P311 & 432-498 of III show a continuous decline in whooping
cough deaths from the mid 1930s until the vaccine was introduced due to
improved health and sanitation, child labor law and better living conditions,
better nutrition, etc. The vaccine introduction made little change in the rate
of that decline.
Chap8 of Vax-
Unvax
(I) and preview
studies that document that the DPT Vaccine caused higher Infant and Mother
Mortality Rates and higher levels of SIDS.
The DPT vaccine has been
replaced by the DTaP vaccine for which no valid safety studies or reviews were
found.
The
DTap
vaccine has also been found to
be faulty and to encourage evolutionary adaptation of the virus resulting in
more virulent strains. Data shows the vaccine is not effective,
but has significant adverse
effects. Vaccination with DTaP increases risk of whooping cough from B.
parapertussis
.
Vaccines commonly provide incomplete immunity which encourage the
evolution of more virulent pathogen strains
an
deadly
infections.
Studies reviewed in Chap11 found the TDAP Vaccine given pregnant
women was associated with adverse effects in infant or mother.
P311-321 of III show there was a continuous decline in deaths from
infectious
disease
such
as smallpox, typhus, typhoid, scarlet fever, etc. starting
the 1830s due mainly to improvements in public health and sanitation, improved
water supplies, improved living conditions, better nutrition, etc. The later
introduction of the vaccines had little effect on the rate of decline.
Hepatitis B
Reviews on
p165-170, etc. of II.
Chap 9 of Vax-
Unvax
(I) reviews studies
that document the harm caused by the Hepatitis B Vaccine.
No valid clinical trial or reviews were found for the vaccines
given after birth. But studies were available for people vaccinated later in
life.
Increased levels of liver
problems, SIDS, autoimmune problems, etc. were found for such vaccinated
people.
Some studies found an increased risk of MS, GBS, other autoimmune
conditions, chronic arthritis after HEP B vaccination.
The mechanisms of hepatitis included
vaccine induced liver injury (VILI) and immune-related hepatitis, which are
direct liver injuries by spike protein. Also,
I
ndirect liver injury
due to
HBV
reactivation. the Taiwanese physician-investigators report
that COVID-19 vaccine induced hepatitis is a clinically significant
complication, and HBV reactivation may account for a possible mechanism.
The COVID-19 vaccines injuries led to two deaths, and the authors cite the
importance of vigilance among health authorities.
Chap10 of Vax-Unvax reviews studies that document the millions of
people significantly harmed or killed after Covid Vaccination. More people had
such harm than from all other previous vaccines. (See also
HWSUM
and
Conclude
)
For
some symptoms, the difference between COVID-19 symptom frequencies and
Influenza symptom frequencies was quite large, COVID-19 always being larger.
The symptom frequencies for all
symptoms following COVID-19 vaccinations
total
4,186,684 events reported to VAERS
, and symptom frequencies for all
symptoms
following Influenza vaccinations
total
178,284 events
.
This yields an overall aggregate COVID-19/Influenza post-vaccination symptom
ratio of 23.48.
The real-world symptom frequencies
for all symptoms
following
COVID-19 vaccinations
wirh
UC factor of 66
totaled
276.3 million events
, and real-world symptom frequencies for all
symptoms
following Influenza vaccinations
totaled
11.7 million events
. The
data show the vaccine increases vulnerability to the infection that the vaccine
is supposed to prevent.
Cardiovascular
issues, blood issues, and cancer
issues were some of the more noticeable
sub-themes that
displayed extreme differences
between 1) post-COVID-19
vaccination symptoms and 2) post-influenza vaccination symptoms. See tables for
details of type of cases.
Cancers
are appearing within
(sometimes well within) the three years since COVID-19 vaccinations started,
far sooner than would be expected from their typical latency periods.
This does not bode well for the future for those who were vaccinated.
Multiple COVID
Shots Linked to Much Higher Mortality Rates in 18- to 39-Year-Olds.
Young people who received multiple COVID-19
jabs were significantly more likely to die than those who skipped the shots,
according to data from the U.K.’s Office for National Statistics
.
Those who received four COVID-19 shots had a 318% higher
mortality rate than the unvaccinated group.
mRNA-Based
Vaccine Shedding Can be Dangerous: The Scientific Perspective
A
study
involving
11 healthy lactating individuals who received either the Pfizer or Modena
vaccine within six months after delivery found traces of the vaccines in seven
samples from five different individuals for up to 45 hours post-vaccination.
Labs Find mRNA Derived Spike Protein in Blood and
Organs for Months after Vaccination
.
Spikeopathy
: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from
Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA
.
Danger of Blood of Vaccinated Verified
.
Studies demonstrate the
persistence of the vaccines or their elements in fluids like saliva,
blood
and breast milk. Additionally, the excretory mechanism
of these vaccines and their products were not thoroughly
investigated
during the Clinical Trials.
Additionally, there is some anecdotal evidence of unvaccinated individuals becoming sick after coming into contact with people vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These individuals have reported adverse effects such as mild COVID-19 symptoms, nosebleeds especially in children, irregular menstrual cycles, rashes and signs of gastrointestinal bleeding in breastfeeding babies .\
Bombshell
in Prestigious Peer Review Journal: COVID-19 Vaccines Did More Harm Than Good
The study found
:
Mass vaccination
of workforces has been
mandated, and
vaccine mandates correlate with excess mortality. Many
independent data sets concur - we have experienced a pandemic of
viral illness
, followed by a pandemic of vaccine injury.
We should
embrace
natural immunity and lift all mandated medical therapy.
Chap11 in Vax-Unvax reviews many studies documenting adverse for
fetus and mothers for several types of Vaccines reviewed.
Studies found the FLU Vaccine associated with fetal loss
and also
with Autism in infant when administered prior to
conception or with thimerosal exposure in the vaccine during pregnancy. 3
studies found the TDAP Vaccine given pregnant women was associated with adverse
effects in infant or mother. Covid vaccine was associated with fetal loss,
post-partum hemorrhage, gestational diabetes, and fertility problems. Another
vaccine where studies found adverse events is H1N1. No study reviewed in the
chapter found vaccines safe for pregnant women.