Fluoride Toxicity
Documentation
http://www.healthliesexposed.com/articles/article_2005_12_17_0912.shtml
Studies in Canada and Mexico, for example, found
associations between fluoride concentrations in pregnant women and adverse
outcomes in their children —
including lower IQ
and
greater risk of ADHD and inattention
. Another Canadian study found formula-fed infants in regions
with fluoridated drinking water
had lower non-verbal intelligence scores
, compared to those living in non-fluoridated regions.
Because formula-fed infants consume more water than breastfed infants, and
therefore more fluoride when living in fluoridated areas, they tend to be at
greater risk of elevated fluoride exposure. Additionally, regions where more
people receive fluoridated drinking water have seen
higher rates of ADHD in children and teens
, even after adjusting for socioeconomic differences.
several studies have found neurological effects
from consumption of fluoride at concentrations considered acceptable by the EPA
– less than 4 mg/L.
Average IQ reductions
have been observed where fluoride levels fall below EPA’s limits. Even
at lower fluoride concentrations where drinking water is “optimally
fluoridated” to prevent tooth decay (0.7 mg/L), formula-fed infants
could experience adverse IQ outcomes
. Considering the benefits but not the drawbacks, as EPA has
done with fluoridation, isn’t sound science or good policymaking.
AUGUST 25, 2020
the U.S. National Toxicology
Program released a systematic
review
of all published studies
evaluating the potential neurotoxicity of fluoride- The National Toxicology
Program’s conclusion was strengthened by a synthesis of high-quality studies
showing that children who were exposed to higher amounts of fluoride during
early brain development scored about 3 to 7 points lower on their IQ tests.
new evidence suggests that fluoride is toxic to the developing brain at levels routinely found in the general population. the societal cost of millions of children losing 5 IQ points, or more is enormous. A decrement of even 1 IQ point translates to a 2% reduction in lifetime economic productivity (roughly $20,000), not to mention the additional educational costs required for children with lower IQs.
Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure
During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada
,
AMA
Pediatr
.
2019;173(10):940-948,
Rivka Green, MA et al,
In this prospective
birth cohort study, fluoride exposure during pregnancy was associated with
lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4 years.
Prenatal fluoride exposure
and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at
6–12 years of age in Mexico City
,
Environment International,
Volume
121, Part 1
,
December
2018, Pages 658-666, M
Bashash
et al;
Higher concentration of maternal urinary fluoride was associated
with more ADHD-like symptoms in school-age children.
Prenatal exposure to fluoride was most strongly associated with
behavioral ratings of inattention, but not hyperactivity and impulse control.
Findings are consistent with the growing body of evidence
suggesting neurotoxicity of early-life exposure to fluoride.
Fluoride exposure from infant formula and child IQ in a
Canadian birth cohort
, Environment International,
Volume 134
,
January 2020
, 105315
, C Till
et al;
Consumption of formula reconstituted with fluoridated water can
lead to excessive fluoride intake.
Breastfed infants receive very low intake of fluoride.
We compared IQ scores in 398 children who were formula-fed
versus breastfed during infancy.
IQ scores were lower with higher levels of fluoride in tap
water.
The effect was more pronounced among formula-fed children,
especially for nonverbal skills.
Exposure to fluoridated water and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and
adolescents in the United States: an ecological association
,
Environmental Health
14
,
Article number:
17
(
2015
), AJ
Malin
et al;
Data on ADHD prevalence among
4-17 year
olds
collected in 2003, 2007 and 2011 as part of the
National Survey of Children’s Health, and state water fluoridation prevalence
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collected between
1992 and 2008 were utilized.
State prevalence of artificial water
fluoridation in 1992 significantly positively predicted state prevalence of
ADHD in 2003, 2007 and 2011, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. A
multivariate regression analysis showed that after socioeconomic status was
controlled each 1% increase in artificial fluoridation prevalence in 1992 was
associated with approximately 67,000 to 131,000 additional ADHD diagnoses from
2003 to 2011. Overall state water fluoridation prevalence (not distinguishing
between fluoridation types) was also significantly positively correlated with
state prevalence of ADHD for all but one year examined.
Parents reported higher rates of
medically-diagnosed
ADHD in their children in states in which
a greater proportion of people receive fluoridated water from public water
supplies. The relationship between fluoride exposure and ADHD warrants future
study.
Average IQ reductions
have been observed where fluoride levels fall below
EPA’s limits.
U.S. National Toxicology Program released a
systematic
review
of all published studies evaluating the potential neurotoxicity
of fluoride;
The
National Toxicology Program’s conclusion was strengthened by a synthesis of
high-quality studies showing that children who were exposed to higher amounts
of fluoride during early brain development scored about 3 to 7 points lower on
their IQ tests. Their conclusion is consequential as about 75% of Americans on
community water systems have fluoride in their tap water. Water is the main
source of fluoride for people who live in communities with water fluoridation
Fluoride offers
no benefits to the fetus and infant and — as shown in the
video below
— new evidence suggests that fluoride
is toxic to the developing brain at levels routinely found in the general population
Fluorine as a factor in
premature
aging]
[Article in Polish]
Ann
Acad
Med
Stetin
. 2004;50 Suppl 1:9-13
Machoy-Mokrzyńska
A
. Katedra Farmakologii, Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej w Szczecinie,
al.
Powstańców
Wlkp
.
72, 70-111 Szczecin.
The use of fluorine
compounds in various areas of medicine, particularly in dentistry, as well as
in agriculture and industry became very popular in the second half of the 20th
century. Fluorine owed this widespread acceptance to observations that its
compounds stimulate ossification processes and reduce the prevalence of caries.
Unfortunately, growing expectations overshadowed the truth regarding
interactions of fluoride on the molecular level. The fact was often ignored
that fluoride is toxic, even though laboratory data stood for a careful
approach to the benefits of usage. Excessive exposure to fluoride may lead to
acute poisoning, hyperemia, cerebral edema, and degeneration of the liver and
kidneys. Acute intoxication through the airways produces coughing, choking, and
chills, followed by fever and pulmonary edema. Concentrated solutions of
fluorine compounds produce difficult to heal necrotic lesions. In spite of
these dramatic symptoms, acute intoxications are relatively rare; the more
common finding is chronic intoxication attributable to the universal presence
of fluorine compounds in the environment. The first noticeable signs of
excessive exposure to fluoride in contaminated water, air, and food products
include discolorations of the enamel. Dental fluorosis during tooth
growth and loss of dentition in adulthood are two consequences of chronic
intoxication with fluorine compounds. Abnormalities in mineralization processes
affect by and large the osteoarticular system and are associated with
changes in the density and structure of the bone presenting as irregular
mineralization of the osteoid.
Fluorine compounds also act on the
organic part of supporting tissues, including collagen and other proteins, and
on cells of the connective tissue. These interactions reduce the content of
collagen proteins, modify the structure and regularity of collagen fibers, and
induce mineralization of collagen.
Interactions with cells produce
transient activation of osteoblasts, stimulate fibroblasts to
produce collagenase, and trigger toxic reactions
in osteocytes and chondrocytes of trabecular bone.
Growing
deformations of the skeleton reduce mobility and result in permanent crippling
of the patient.
Fluoride increases the mass of non-collagen
proteins such as proteoglycans and
glucosaminoglycans
,
accelerating skin aging even though protein biosynthesis is generally
suppressed
. The final outcome includes progressive vascular lesions and
disorders of energy metabolism in muscles. In conclusions, the use of fluoride,
particularly by dentists and pediatricians, must be controlled and adapted to
individual needs. It is worth remembering that fluoride: is the cause of disability
due to bone deformations and abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system;
reduces the incidence of caries but do not protect against tooth loss; exerts
an adverse effect of metabolic processes in the skin; accelerates calcification
of vessels and thus reduces their elasticity;
inhibits bioenergetic reactions, in particular
oxidative phosphorylation, reducing physical activity of muscles. These
findings suggest that fluorine may be yet another factor in accelerated aging
and revive the dispute started more than two and half thousand years ago
whether aging is a physiologic or pathologic process. The understanding of
factors modifying the process of aging is the basis for preventive measures
aimed at extending life and maintaining full psychosocial activity.
Association of
silicofluoride
treated
water with elevated blood lead. Neurotoxicology. 2000
Dec;21(6):1091-100;
Masters RD
,
Coplan
MJ
,
Hone
BT
,
Dykes JE
.
Foundation for
Neuroscience and Society, Dartmouth
College, Hanover, NH 03755-3547, USA. roger.d.masters@dartmouth.edu
Previous epidemiological
studies have associated
silicofluoride
-treated
community water with enhanced child blood lead parameters. Chronic, low-level
dosage of
silicofluoride
(
SiF
) has never been adequately tested for health effects in
humans. We report here on a statistical study of 151,225 venous blood lead
(VBL) tests taken from children ages 0-6 inclusive, living in 105 communities
of populations from 15,000 to 75,000. The tests are part of a sample collected
by the New York State Department of Children's Health, mostly from 1994-1998.
Community fluoridation status was determined from the CDC 1992 Fluoridation
Census. Covariates were assigned to each community using the 1990 U.S. Census.
Blood lead measures were divided into groups based on race and age. Logistic
regressions were carried out for each race/age group, as well as above and
below the median of 7 covariates to test the relationship between known risk
factors for lead uptake, exposure to
SiF
-treated
water, and VBL >10 microg/dL. RESULTS:
For every age/race
group, there was a consistently significant association of
SiF
treated community water and elevated blood lead
. Logistic
regressions above and below the median value of seven covariates show an effect
of
silicofluoride
on blood lead independent
of those covariates. The highest likelihood of children having VBL>
10 microg/dL occurs when they are both exposed to
SiF
treated water and likely to be subject to another
risk factor known to be associated with high blood lead (e.g., old housing).
Results are consistent with prior analyses of surveys of children's blood lead
in Massachusetts and NHANES III. These data contradict the null
hypothesis that there is no difference between the toxic effects of
SiF
and sodium fluoride, pointing to the need for
chemical studies and comprehensive animal testing of water treated with
commercial grade
silicofluorides
.
Mar 23, 2006, 14:31
http://www.foodconsumer.org/777/8/National_Academy_urges_lowering_fluoride_in_ta p_water.shtml
An
independent panel of experts commissioned by the US Environmental Protection
Agency reviewed the effect of fluoride in drinking water on public health and
released a report Wednesday saying that the fluoride level in tap water allowed
by the EPA should be lowered to protect severe enamel fluorosis, clinical
state II skeletal fluorosis, and bone fractures.
Ingestion
of high levels of fluoride can cause a series of health problems,
which have been known by many including American Dental
Association for a few decades
.
The committee reviewed the fluoride's
effect on many health conditions including dental fluorosis,
skeletal fluorosis, bone fractures, damages to the brains, bone cancer and
others. The effect of over-exposure to fluoride on
dental fluorosis is particularly striking. Several new studies
presented at the American Association for Dental Research's annual meeting held
on March 8, 2006, in Orlando, Florida re-confirmed the risk
of fluoride to the dental health, according to the New
York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation (NYSCOF).
Over-exposure to fluoride can also damage the brain, particularly
in children. The report cites that a few Chinese epidemiological studies have
linked exposure to fluoride at 2.5 to 4 mg/L in drinking water to IQ deficits
in children.
|
0108
Effects of Fluoride on Cultured Human Ameloblast-Lineage Cells
|
|
|
Q. YAN, Y. ZHANG, W.
LI, and
P. DENBESTEN
, University of California - San Francisco,
USA
Fluorosed
enamel, caused by excessive exposure to
fluoride during enamel formation, is
hypomineralized
.
The mechanisms responsible for the formation of
fluorosed
enamel
remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine
whether fluoride (F), at micromolar levels can affect gene
expression and apoptosis in human ameloblast-lineage cells
in
vitro
.
METHODS:
Embryonic primary human
ameloblastlineage
cells were cultured for 72 hours with KGM-2. The cells were synchronized in
media without growth factors for 20 hours, and grown with either 0, 10,
or 20µM F for 48 hours. The apoptotic cell population was determined by
a
dural
staining
flow cytometric assay. Ameloblast-lineage cells were then
separated into 3 groups according to their calcification initiation time:
incisors, canines and first molars, and second molars. Cells were
synchronized by removing growth factors and then exposed to 0 or 10µM F for
24 hours. The effect of 10µM F on the expression of DSPP
and TNFα was further analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS:
Flow cytometric assay showed that both 10µM and 20µM F
significantly increased the apoptotic index of the
cultured ameloblast-lineage P1 cells. Quantitative PCR showed
a variable response to F relative to the stage of enamel formation. F
significantly upregulated TNFα mRNA expression in cells
isolated from 20wk second molars (least mature enamel), with no effect on the
other two groups. DSPP mRNA was significantly down regulated
in ameloblast-lineage cells from all groups isolated from 20wk fetal
jaws. CONCLUSIONS:
Micromolar levels of fluoride can alter early
forming ameloblast lineage cells
by enhancing apoptosis
and altering mRNA expression. These studies indicate a specific effect of
fluoride on cell signaling that yet remains to be determined.
Supported by a Lee Hysan fellowship
to Q Yan and NIH NIDCR R01 DE013508 to PDB.
|
|
US Government Agencies
Say Fluoride in Drinking Water Increases Toxicity of
Aluminum
http://www.mercola.com/2001/may/16/fluoride.htm
REMOVING
FLUORIDE FROM WATER – HOW AND WHY
http://www.healthcarealternatives.net/removingfluoride.htm
In the March 2001 issue
of the journal
Neuro Toxicology
, a team of researchers led by
Dr. Roger Masters of Dartmouth College reported evidence that
public drinking water fluoridated with
fluorosilicic
acid
is linked to higher levels of lead in children. Researchers concluded that
the
fluorosilicic
acid-treated water was
equal to or worse a contributor of blood-lead levels as old house paint.
http://www.americanfreepress.net/Alternative_Health/17_02%20HS%20Fluoride%20Is%20Poison,%20Sa.htm
Fluoride: A Statement of
Concern,
by
Paul
Connett
,
PhD
http://www.fluoridealert.org/fluoride-statement.htm
Fluoride
water 'causes cancer'
Boys at risk from
bone
tumours
, research by Harvard School of
Dental Research reveals
Bob
Woffinden
Sunday June
12, 2005
The Observer
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1504672,00.html
Dentists Demand End to ‘Cancer Risk’ Fluoride in Water
By Treacy Hogan Environment Correspondent Irish
Independent Tuesday 14 June 2005
http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/2288.html
Most European countries have rejected or
ceased use of fluoride in water
http://www.fluoridealert.org/govt-statements.htm
The fluoride chemical
added to water is an unprocessed,
industrial waste-product
from the pollution scrubbers of the
phosphate fertilizer industry. It contains toxic metals such as
arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead that are known to be carcinogenic
and neurotoxic.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/phosphate/overview.htm
http://www.earthisland.org/eijournal/fluoride/fluoride_phosphates.html
Fluoride is extremely toxic and causes adverse
health effects
http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/index.html
Fluoride commonly causes tooth problems and
brittle teeth and bones
http://www.fluoridealert.org/dental-fluorosis.htm
Fluoride Toxicity
Documentation
http://www.healthliesexposed.com/articles/article_2005_12_17_0912.shtml
EPA unions call for
moratorium on fluoride in drinking water
|
By MATTHEW DALY Associated Press
Writer, Thursday, September 1, 2005
|
US Environmental
Protection Agency reveals that tens of millions of Americans may be at risk
from fluoridated drinking water
WASHINGTON (AP) — Eleven
unions representing more than 7,000 workers at the Environmental Protection
Agency are calling for a national moratorium on programs to add fluoride to
drinking water, citing what they call a possible cancer risk and adverse health
effects
http://www.fluoridealert.org/hp-epa.htm
http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050901/NEWS0103/109010031
http://home.att.net/~gtigerclaw/EPAresponse.html
http://www.nofluoride.com/
ELECTION
2005:
5 More US Communities Reject Fluoridation
Over
70 U.S. communities have rejected fluoridation since 1999
http://www.fluoridealert.org/communities.htm
Water Fluoridation
"Obsolete" According to Nobel Prize
Scientist
Nations
who still practice it "should feel
ashamed of themselves"
Dr.
Avid Carlsson, Pharmacologist, Nobel
Laureat
in
Medicine/Physiology
http://www.fluoridealert.org/carlsson-interview.html
Dentists Demand End to ‘Cancer Risk’ Fluoride in Water
By Treacy Hogan Environment Correspondent Irish
Independent Tuesday 14 June 2005
http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/2288.html
Most European countries have rejected or
ceased use of fluoride in water
http://www.fluoridealert.org/govt-statements.htm
The fluoride chemical
added to water is an unprocessed,
industrial waste-product
from the pollution scrubbers of the
phosphate fertilizer industry. It contains toxic metals such as
arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead that are known to be carcinogenic
and neurotoxic.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/phosphate/overview.htm
http://www.earthisland.org/eijournal/fluoride/fluoride_phosphates.html
Fluoride is extremely toxic and causes adverse
health effects
http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/index.html
Fluoride commonly causes tooth problems and
brittle teeth and bones
http://www.fluoridealert.org/dental-fluorosis.htm
US Government Agencies
Say Fluoride in Drinking Water Increases Toxicity of Aluminum
http://www.mercola.com/2001/may/16/fluoride.htm
Silicofluorides
& Higher Blood
Lead,
Professor
Roger D. Masters, Dartmouth College, Research
Professor of Government & Nelson A. Rockefeller Professor
Emeritus & President, Foundation for Neuroscience & Society,
2001.
www.
fluoride
alert.org/sf-
masters
.htm
We have compared children's blood lead levels in
communities using
SiF
treated water with
communities using sodium fluoride or with non-fluoridated water. In three
separate samples, totaling over 400,000 children,
SiF
treated
municipal water is ALWAYS significantly associated with increased blood lead
levels in children.
This effect was evident in a
Massachusetts survey
of lead levels in 280,000 children (see
graph for children exposed to
SiF
from the
Greater Boston water system, from towns that add
SiF
locally,
or from communities using sodium fluoride, and towns without fluoridation). For
the state of
New York
, data was available on venous blood lead levels
for 151,225 children in communities of 15,000 to 75,000. Controlling for other
factors associated with higher blood lead,
silicofluorides
were
again significantly associated with higher uptake of lead from the environment.
For
black children, who are especially at risk for high blood lead, those in towns
using
SiF
were less likely to have low blood
lead and more likely to have
lead
over 10µg/dL. To
confirm that these results are not due to other socio-economic or demographic
factors, additional statistical tests were run.
The third study concerned children's blood lead
levels in the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES III),
which had reports for 7224 children from 80 counties with populations over
500,000. Since only 4 of these counties had any communities that used sodium
fluoride, analysis of the NHANES III data focused on the percentage of the
entire county population exposed to
silicofluoride
treated
water.
Among the 1543 children of all ages from large
urban counties with over 80% of the population exposed to fluoridation (almost
all of whom receive water treated with
SiF
),
average blood lead was 5.12 µg/dL whereas the average for 1139 children in
low fluoride exposure counties was 3.64 µg/dL Blood lead in the 473
children sampled from the medium fluoridation counties was 3.23 µg/dL, which
was significantly different from the high fluoridation counties but not from
either low fluoridation counties or those with unknown fluoridation status,
where average blood lead levels were 3.16 µg/dL (S.D. 2.83). Controlling
for the Poverty, the effect of
SiF
use was
highly significant (p < .0001). When the sample is divided by age and race,
these findings provide six separate samples in which
SiF
is
associated with high blood lead (see Graphs).
In all three populations studied, those children
in each racial category and each age group who were highly likely to be exposed
to
silicofluorides
differ strongly in
levels of blood lead from those not exposed. This conclusion was further
checked by analyzing available data for health and behavioral traits that have
been associated with high blood lead (such as violent crimes, cocaine use and
asthma). In each case, those exposed to
silicofluoride
treated
water were more likely to have behavioral or health problems that are more
likely among those with high lead in their bodies.
The injection of
silicofluorides
in
public water supplies is a practice whose elimination could possibly contribute
to reduced rates of learning disabilities, substance abuse, violent crime, and
asthma
(all connected
with lead poisoning and other toxins). Whatever the benefits to teeth (and this
is highly controversial), our research shows that the issues facing the public
concern
silicofluoride
chemistry,
toxicology, and the linkage of neurotoxins with behavior or health.
Before
SiF
chemicals are used, citizens
must know that they are safe for all.
For more information, see:
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rmasters/ahabs.htm
.
.
Fluoride/aluminum- 80%
death rate in rats! Implications for Alzheimer’s.
Posted
by: "Elizabeth
Sinkey
"
westoo@sbcglobal.net
elizabeth_sinkey
Date: Sun Aug
5, 2007 11:31 am ((PDT))
SLOW REACTION to 80%
DEATH RATE IN EXPERIMENTAL LAB RATS.
George Glasser
"In
l999, EPA convened a group of experts to carefully consider the results
of the Varner et
al. (1998) study," USEPA spokesman, Charles Fox wrote in a
September 5,
2000 letter to US Congressman Ken Calvert, Chairman, House Subcommittee on
Energy and the Environment. Fox continued, "As a result of that
conference,EPA
has requested
that the National Toxicology Program consider the possibility of conducting
additional studies of the neurotoxicity of aluminum that include
verification of the results observed in the Varner et al. Study."
Fox
carefully avoided mentioning the fact that the reviewed study he cited was
replicated in two previous studies by Dr. Julie Varner. All three studies found
that aluminum-fluoride interactions are associated with brain and kidney damage
in laboratory animals. Aside from brain and kidney damage, there was an 80%
mortality rate in the animals fed doses of sodium fluoride and aluminum similar
to those found in artificially fluoridated drinking water.
Alum
(aluminum sulfate) is most frequently used by water companies to improve
the appearance of
drinking water, to make it clear. For many years, aluminum has been known to
be neurotoxic to humans and animals.
The original
Varner, et al, study published in Neuroprotective Agents, 1997, was
designed to determine whether aluminum and fluoride (aluminum fluoride) in
drinking water play a role in age-related neurological damage similar to
Alzheimer’s disease.
It was the first
scientific study to deal with fluoride/aluminum interaction.
The
researchers considered that fluoride and aluminum could combine in the stomach
and be more readily transported to the brain. The combination, they believed,
could enhance neurological damage and cause conditions such
as presenile dementia or Alzheimer’s like dementia (ALD). During the
first experiment, the researchers had noted and were perplexed by the
alarmingly high death rate in the group of animals receiving aluminum and
fluoride in their drinking water (80% of the animals in the low-dose group died
before completion of the experiment).
They also
noted that the amounts of aluminum and fluoride fed to the animals was about
the same as the amounts people are exposed to in artificially fluoridated
public water supplies. The reasons for the high number of animal deaths
is still unexplained as was the fact that the greatest number of mental
impairments appeared in the low-dose group of animals.
It was also
observed that the animals who drank the aluminum/fluoride-laced water
developed sparse hair and abnormal, copper-colored underlying skin which is
related to premature aging. Researchers said that most often this condition is
the result of several diseases including chronic kidney failure. Further
autopsy results showed serious kidney abnormalities in animals that drank water
containing both sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride.
The Varner
team said that, "Striking parallels were seen between aluminum-induced
alterations" in cerebral blood vessels that are associated with
Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of presenile dementia. They
concluded that the alterations of the blood vessels may be a primary event
triggering
neuro-degenerative diseases
.
Astounded,
the researchers went on to say: "Not only did the rats in the
lowest dose groups
die more often during the experiment, they looked poorly well before their
deaths. Even the rats in the lowest dose group that managed to survive the 45
weeks looked to be in poor health."
Subsequently,
the researchers reported that the results of the "THIRD"
animal study
confirmed the findings of the previous studies. This red flag alarmed the USEPA
panel of experts because the same physical and neurological damage can also be
occurring in humans in areas where both aluminum sulfate and fluorides are
added to the public drinking water.
Based on the
conclusions drawn from the third Varner study, the USEPA experts
requested further
research be commissioned by the National Toxicology Program. In spite of the
disturbing Varner team revelations it will take two to three years for the
National Toxicology to review the request.
Almost 60%
of the United States is fluoridated, and the odds of an American
developing some form of dementia by the age of 65 is estimated at 1 in every
10 people, and at the age of 85, the odds are 3 in every 10 people.
In
the United Kingdom, which is 10% fluoridated, 7% of the population over
65
years will develop
some form of dementia.
Recent USEPA
concerns over arsenic, a Group 1 (a) carcinogen, caused the
government-contracted water treatment chemical certification laboratory, National
Sanitation Foundation International, to say that there will be "increased
product failures" due to high arsenic levels in
fluorosilicic
acid.
USEPA has asked the US Government to dramatically reduce arsenic levels in
drinking water from 50 parts per billion to 5 parts per billion. The EPA is
keen to change the regulations because arsenic in known to cause a wide range
of cancers in humans.
More
recently, the primary component of
fluorosilicic
acid
and sodium fluorosilicate - silicon - has also been discovered in the brain
plaque of Alzheimer’s and Alzheimer’s-like dementia (ALD) victims. Silica has
also been found in the brain tissue of people with primary brain tumors, which
is considered a terminal condition. Although aware of these new developments,
no responsible government agency including the USEPA is likely to request that
any research be done with the actual toxic waste "product" used to
fluoridate public drinking water due to political pressure.
Fluoride, a major
pollutant in phosphate mining and also used in water fluoridation, is
documented to be an extremely problematic
pollutant:
known to be carcinogenic and highly toxic and to have caused large numbers of
adverse health effects
Fluoride Pollution: An
Overview
http://www.fluoridealert.org/f-pollution.htm
Fluoride is more acutely toxic than lead
http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/accidents/f-lead.html
Fluoride water 'causes cancer'
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1504672,00.html
http://ewg.org/issues/fluoride/20050606/index.php
FLUORIDE HEALTH
EFFECTS DATABASE
http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/
Why
EPA's Headquarters Professionals' Union Opposes Fluoridation
http://www.fluoridealert.org/hp-epa.htm
Suppression of
Scientific Dissent on Fluoride's Risks and Benefits
http://www.fluoridealert.org/suppression.htm
Research
links low levels of fluoride and aluminum to Alzheimer's and kidney damage
Alzheimer's in America: The Aluminum-Phosphate Fertilizer Connection,
http://www.nofluoride.com/Alzheimer's_in_America.htm
http://www.advancedhealthplan.com/alzheimers.html
http://www.bruha.com/fluoride/
FLUORIDE COMBINES WITH
ALUMINIUM IN DRINKING
WATER:
NEW STUDY SHOWS GRAVE IMPLICATIONS FROM INTERACTION OF ALUMINUM
AND LOW DOSE FLUORIDE
http://www.actionpa.org/fluoride/aluminum.html
J A Varner, K F Jensen, W Horvath and R L
Isaacson, Binghamton, New York, and Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, USA, CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF ALUMINUM-FLUORIDE OR
SODIUM-FLUORIDE TO RATS IN DRINKING WATER: ALTERATIONS IN
NEURONAL AND CEREBROVASCULAR INTEGRITY, Abstracted from Brain
Research 784 284-298 1998
http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-2/31291-95.htm
.
Dr. Mercola’s Health
Letter http://www.mercola.com/article/links/fluoride_links.htm
Lead researcher Dr. C.D. Anuradha, in
comments to the Optimal Wellness Center, explains that
"fluoride in general is harmful to any
type of cell. We have seen that fluoride causes cell death in non-cancerous
cells
, through a mechanism
known as "necrosis".
Necrosis
, is
an
externally influenced death, which occurs through some type of local injury (as
loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or the local lesion of a
disease). Studies on fluoride usually use the
simplist
and least toxic form, sodium fluoride.
However
the type of fluoride found in phosphate ore is
different and appears to be even more toxic. one of the
silicofluorides
(either
fluosilicic
acid
or sodium
silicofluoride
).
However, these chemicals have been shown to act
much differently from the much simpler sodium fluoride. In one study, it was
shown that
these chemicals enhance the cellular uptake of
lead
(http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-3/313-s25.htm).
50 Reasons to Oppose Fluoridation
By Paul
Connett
, PhD
1. Fluoride is not an essential nutrient. No disease has ever been linked to a
fluoride deficiency. Humans can have perfectly good teeth without fluoride.
2. Fluoridation is not necessary. Most Western European countries are not
fluoridated and have experienced the same decline in dental decay as
the US.
3. Fluoridation's role in the decline of tooth decay is in serious doubt…In a
review commissioned by the Ontario government, Dr. David Locker
concluded: "The magnitude of [fluoridation's] effect is not large in
absolute terms, is often not statistically significant and may not be of
clinical significance".
4. Where fluoridation has been discontinued in communities from Canada,
the former East Germany, Cuba and Finland, dental decay has
not increased but has actually decreased.
5. There have been numerous recent reports of dental crises in US cities
(e.g. Boston, Cincinnati, New York City) which have been
fluoridated for over 20 years. There appears to be a far greater (inverse)
relationship between tooth decay and income level than with water fluoride levels.
6. Modern research shows that decay rates were coming down before fluoridation
was introduced and have continued to decline even after its benefits would have
been maximized. Many other factors influence tooth decay. Some recent studies
have found that tooth decay actually increases as the fluoride concentration in
the water increases
7. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has now acknowledged the
findings of many leading dental researchers, that the mechanism of
fluoride's benefits
are
mainly TOPICAL not SYSTEMIC.
Thus, you don't have to swallow fluoride to protect teeth. As the benefits of
fluoride (if any exist) are topical, and the risks are systemic, it makes more
sense, for those who want to take the risks, to deliver the fluoride directly
to the tooth in the form of toothpaste. Since swallowing fluoride is
unnecessary, there is no reason to force people (against their will) to drink
fluoride in their water supply. This position was recently shared by Dr.
Douglas
Carnall
, the associate editor of the British
Medical Journal.
8. Despite being prescribed by doctors for over 50 years, the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has never approved any fluoride product designed
for ingestion as safe or effective.
9. The US fluoridation program has massively failed to achieve one of its key
objectives, i.e. to lower dental decay rates while holding down
dental fluorosis (mottled and discolored enamel), a condition known
to be caused by fluoride….
10. Dental fluorosis means that a child has been overdosed on fluoride.
While the mechanism by which the enamel is damaged is not definitively known,
it appears fluorosis may be a result of either inhibited enzymes in
the growing teeth, or through fluoride's interference with G-protein signaling
mechanisms. In a study in Mexico, Alarcon-Herrera (2001) has shown a
linear correlation between the severity of dental fluorosis and the
frequency of bone fractures in children.
11. The level of fluoride put into water (1 ppm) is up to 200 times higher
than normally found in mothers' milk (0.005 – 0.01 ppm). There are no
benefits, only risks, for infants ingesting this heightened level of fluoride
at such an early age (this is an age where susceptibility to environmental
toxins is particularly high).
12. Fluoride is a cumulative poison. On average, only 50% of the fluoride we
ingest each day is excreted through the kidneys. The remainder accumulates in
our bones, pineal gland, and other tissues. If the kidney is damaged, fluoride
accumulation will increase, and with it, the likelihood of harm.
13. Fluoride is very biologically active even at low concentrations. It
interferes with hydrogen bonding and inhibits numerous enzymes.
14. When complexed with aluminum, fluoride interferes with
G-proteins. Such interactions give aluminum-fluoride complexes the potential to
interfere with many
hormonal
and
some neurochemical signals.
15. Fluoride has been shown to be mutagenic, cause chromosome damage and
interfere with the enzymes involved with DNA repair in a variety of
cell and tissue studies. Recent studies have also found a correlation between
fluoride exposure and chromosome damage in humans.
16. Fluoride forms complexes with a large number of metal ions, which include
metals which are needed in the body (like calcium and magnesium) and metals
(like lead and aluminum) which are toxic to the body. This can cause a variety
of problems. For example, fluoride interferes with enzymes where magnesium is
an important co-factor, and it can help facilitate the uptake of aluminum and
lead into tissues where these metals wouldn't otherwise go.
17. Rats fed for one year with 1 ppm fluoride in their water, using
either sodium fluoride or aluminum fluoride, had morphological changes to their
kidneys and brains, an increased uptake of aluminum in the brain, and the
formation of beta amyloid deposits which are characteristic of
Alzheimers
disease.
18. Aluminum fluoride was recently nominated by the Environmental Protection
Agency and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for testing by
the National Toxicology Program. According to EPA and NIEHS, aluminum fluoride
currently has a "high health research priority" due to its
"known neurotoxicity". If fluoride is added to water which
contains aluminum,
than
aluminum fluoride complexes will
form.
19. Animal experiments show that fluoride accumulates in the brain and exposure
alters mental behavior in a manner consistent with
a neurotoxic agent. Rats dosed prenatally demonstrated
hyperactive behavior. Those dosed postnatally demonstrated hypoactivity (i.e.
under activity or "couch potato" syndrome). More recent animal
experiments have reported that fluoride can damage the brain and impact
learning and behavior.
20. Five studies from China show a lowering of IQ in children
associated with fluoride exposure. One of these studies indicates that even
just moderate levels of fluoride exposure (e.g. 0.9 ppm in the water)
can exacerbate the neurological defects of iodine deficiency.
21. Studies by Jennifer Luke showed that fluoride accumulates in the human
pineal gland to very high levels. In her Ph.D. thesis Luke has also shown in
animal studies that fluoride reduces melatonin production and leads to an
earlier onset of puberty.
22. In the first half of the 20th century, fluoride was prescribed by a number
of European doctors to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland for those
suffering from hyperthyroidism (
over active
thyroid).
With water fluoridation, we are forcing people to drink a thyroid-depressing
medication which could, in turn, serve to promote higher levels of
hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) in the population, and all the
subsequent problems related to this disorder. Such problems include depression,
fatigue, weight gain, muscle and joint pains, increased cholesterol levels, and
heart disease. It bears noting that according to the Department of Health and
Human Services (1991) fluoride exposure in fluoridated communities is estimated
to range from 1.6 to 6.6 mg/day, which is a range that actually overlaps the
dose (2.3 - 4.5 mg/day) shown to decrease the functioning of the human thyroid.
This is a remarkable fact, particularly considering the rampant and increasing
problem of hypothyroidism in the United States. …In Russia,
Bachinskii
found a lowering of thyroid function, among
otherwise healthy people, at 2.3 ppm fluoride in water.
23. Some of the early symptoms of skeletal fluorosis, a fluoride-induced
bone and joint disease that impacts millions of people
in India, China, and
Africa ,
mimic
the symptoms of arthritis. According to a review on fluoridation by Chemical
& Engineering News, "Because some of the clinical symptoms mimic
arthritis, the first two clinical phases of skeletal fluorosis could
be easily misdiagnosed". Few if any studies have been done to determine
the extent of this misdiagnosis, and whether the high prevalence of arthritis
in America (1 in 3 Americans have some form of arthritis…
24. In some studies, when high doses of fluoride (average 26 mg per day) were
used in trials to treat patients with osteoporosis in an effort to harden their
bones and reduce fracture rates, it actually led to a HIGHER number of
fractures, particularly hip fractures. The cumulative doses used in these
trials are exceeded by the lifetime cumulative doses being experienced by many people
living in fluoridated communities.
25. Nineteen studies (three unpublished, including one abstract) since 1990
have examined the possible relationship of fluoride in water and hip fracture
among the elderly. Eleven of these studies found an association, eight did not.
One study found a dose-related increase in hip fracture as the concentration of
fluoride rose from 1 ppm to 8 ppm. Hip fracture is a very
serious issue for the elderly, as a quarter of those who have a hip fracture
die within a year of the operation, while 50 percent never regain an
independent existence….
26. The only government-sanctioned animal study to investigate if fluoride
causes cancer, found a dose-dependent increase in cancer in the target organ
(bone) of the fluoride-treated (male) rats. The initial review of this study
also reported an increase in liver and oral
cancers,
however,
all non-bone cancers were later downgraded – with a questionable rationale - by
a government-review panel. In light of the importance of this study, EPA
Professional Headquarters Union has requested that Congress establish an
independent review to examine the study's results.
27. A review of national cancer data in the US by the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) revealed a significantly higher rate of bone cancer in young
men in fluoridated versus
unfluoridated
areas.
While the NCI concluded that fluoridation was not the cause, no
explanation was provided to explain the higher rates in the fluoridated areas.
A smaller study from New Jersey found bone cancer rates to be up to 6
times higher in young men living in fluoridated versus
unfluoridated
areas.
Other epidemiological studies have failed to find this relationship.
28. Fluoride administered to animals at high doses wreaks havoc on the male
reproductive system - it damages sperm and increases the rate of infertility in
a number of different species. While studies conducted at the FDA have failed
to find reproductive effects in rats, an epidemiological study from
the US has found increased rates of infertility among couples living
in areas with 3 or more ppm fluoride in the water, and 2 studies have
found a reduced level of circulating testosterone in males living in high
fluoride areas.
29. The fluoridation program has been very poorly monitored. There has never
been a comprehensive analysis of the fluoride levels in the bones, blood, or
urine of the American people or the citizens of other fluoridated countries.
Based on the sparse data that has become available, however, it is increasingly
evident that some people in the population – particularly people with kidney
disease - are accumulating fluoride levels that have been associated with harm
to both animals and humans, particularly harm to bone.
30. Once fluoride is put in the water it is impossible to control the dose each
individual receives. This is because 1) some people (e.g. manual laborers,
athletes, diabetics, and people with kidney disease) drink more water than
others, and 2) we receive fluoride from sources other than the water supply. Other
sources of fluoride include food and beverages processed with fluoridated
water, fluoridated dental products, mechanically deboned meat, teas,
and pesticide residues on food.
31. Fluoridation is unethical because individuals are not being asked for their
informed consent prior to medication….
32. While referenda are preferential to imposed policies from central
government, it still leaves the problem of individual rights versus majority
rule. Put another way -- does a voter have the right to require that their
neighbor ingest a certain medication (even if it's against that neighbor's
will)?
33. Some individuals appear to be highly sensitive to fluoride as shown by case
studies and
double blind
studies. In one study, which
lasted 13 years,
Feltman
and
Kosel
(1961) showed that about 1% of patients given 1
mg of fluoride each day developed negative reactions. Can we as a society force
these people to ingest fluoride?
34. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR
1993), and other researchers, certain subsets of the population may be
particularly vulnerable to fluoride's toxic effects; these include: the
elderly, diabetics and people with poor kidney function. Again, can we in good
conscience force these people to ingest fluoride on a daily basis for their
entire lives?
35. Also vulnerable are those who suffer from malnutrition (e.g. calcium,
magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin D and iodide deficiencies and protein poor
diets). Those most likely to suffer from poor nutrition are the poor, who are
precisely the people being targeted by new fluoridation programs. While being
at heightened risk, poor families are less able to afford avoidance measures
(e.g. bottled water or removal equipment).
36. Since dental decay is most concentrated in poor communities, we should be
spending our efforts trying to increase the access to dental care for poor
families. The real "Oral Health Crisis" that exists today in
the United States, is not a lack of fluoride but poverty and lack of
dental insurance. The Surgeon General has estimated that 80% of dentists in
the US do not treat children on Medicaid.
37. Fluoridation has been found to be ineffective at preventing one of the most
serious oral health problems facing poor children, namely, baby bottle tooth
decay, otherwise known as early childhood caries.
38. The early studies conducted in 1945 -1955 in the US, which helped to
launch fluoridation, have been heavily criticized for their poor methodology
and poor choice of control communities. According to Dr. Hubert Arnold, a
statistician from
the University of California at Davis, the early
fluoridation trials "are especially rich in fallacies, improper
design, invalid use of statistical methods, omissions of contrary
data, and just plain
muddleheadedness
and hebetude."
In 2000, the British Government’s “York Review” could give no fluoridation
trial a grade A classification – despite 50 years of research.
39. The US Public Health Service first endorsed fluoridation in 1950,
before one single trial had been completed!
40. Since 1950, it has been found that fluorides do little to prevent pit and
fissure tooth decay, a fact that even the dental community has acknowledged.
This is significant because pit and fissure tooth decay represents up to 85% of
the tooth decay experienced by children today.
41. Despite the fact that we are exposed to far more fluoride today than we
were in 1945 (when fluoridation began), the "optimal" fluoridation
level is still 1 part per million, the same level deemed optimal in 1945!
42. The chemicals used to fluoridate water in the US are not
pharmaceutical grade. Instead, they come from the wet scrubbing systems of
the superphosphate fertilizer industry. These chemicals (90% of which
are sodium fluorosilicate and
fluorosilicic
acid),
are classified hazardous wastes contaminated with various impurities. Recent
testing by the National Sanitation Foundation suggest that the levels of
arsenic in these chemicals are relatively high (up to 1.6 ppb after dilution
into public water) and of potential concern.
43. These hazardous wastes have not been tested comprehensively. The chemical
usually tested in animal studies is pharmaceutical grade sodium fluoride, not
industrial grade
fluorosilicic
acid. The
assumption being made is that by the time this waste product has been diluted,
all the
fluorosilicic
acid will have been
converted into free fluoride ion, and the other toxics and radioactive isotopes
will be so dilute that they will not cause any harm, even with lifetime
exposure. These assumptions have not been examined carefully by scientists,
independent of the fluoridation program.
44. Studies by
Masters
and
Coplan
(1999,
2000) show an association between the use of
fluorosilicic
acid
(and its sodium salt) to fluoridate water and an increased uptake of lead into
children's blood. Because of lead’s acknowledged ability to damage the child’s
developing brain, this is a very serious
finding
yet
it is being largely ignored by fluoridating countries.
45. Sodium fluoride is an extremely toxic substance -- just 200 mg of fluoride
ion is enough to kill a young child, and just 3-5 grams (e.g. a teaspoon) is
enough to kill an adult. Both children (swallowing tablets/gels) and adults
(accidents involving fluoridation equipment and filters on dialysis machines)
have died from excess exposure.
46. Some of the earliest opponents of fluoridation were biochemists and at
least 14 Nobel Prize winners are among numerous scientists who have expressed
their reservations about the practice of fluoridation.
47. The recent Nobel Laureate in Medicine and Physiology, Dr.
Arvid
Carlsson (2000), was one of the leading
opponents of fluoridation in Sweden, and part of the panel that
recommended that the Swedish government reject the practice, which they did in
1971. According to Carlsson: "I am quite convinced that water
fluoridation, in a not-too-distant future, will be consigned to medical
history...Water fluoridation goes against leading principles of
pharmacotherapy, which is progressing from a stereotyped medication - of the
type 1 tablet 3 times a day - to a much more individualized therapy as regards
both dosage and selection of drugs. The addition of drugs to the drinking water
means exactly the opposite of an individualized therapy".
48. While pro-fluoridation officials continue to promote fluoridation with
undiminished fervor, they cannot defend the practice in open public debate –
even when challenged to do so by organizations such as the Association for
Science in the Public Interest, the American College of
Toxicology, or the US Environmental Protection Agency. According to Dr. Michael
Easley, a prominent lobbyist for fluoridation in the US, "Debates
give the illusion that a scientific controversy exists when no credible people
support the
fluorophobics
' view". In light
of proponents’ refusal to debate this issue, Dr. Edward
Groth
, a Senior Scientist at Consumers Union, observed that
"the political
profluoridation
stance
has evolved into a dogmatic, authoritarian, essentially antiscientific posture,
one that discourages open debate of scientific issues".
49. Many scientists, doctors and dentists who have spoken out publicly on this
issue have been subjected to censorship and intimidation. Most recently, Dr.
Phyllis
Mullenix
was fired from her
position as Chair of Toxicology
at Forsythe Dental Center for publishing her findings on
fluoride and the brain; and Dr. William Marcus was fired from the EPA for
questioning the government’s handling of the NTP’s fluoride-cancer
study. Tactics like this would not be necessary if those promoting fluoridation
were on secure scientific ground.
50. The Union representing the scientists at US EPA headquarters
in Washington DC is now on record as opposing water
fluoridation. According to the Union’s Senior Vice President, Dr.
William
Hirzy
: "In summary, we hold that
fluoridation is an unreasonable risk. That is, the toxicity of fluoride is
so great and the purported benefits associated with it are so small - if there
are any at all - that requiring every man, woman and child in America to ingest
it borders on criminal behavior on the part of governments."
To check references go to Paul Connett’s website:
http://www.fluoridealert.org/50-reasons.htm
Conclusion
When it comes to controversies surrounding toxic chemicals, invested interests
traditionally do their very best to discount animal studies and quibble with
epidemiological findings. In the past, political pressures have led government
agencies to drag their feet on regulating asbestos, benzene, DDT, PCBs,
tetraethyl lead, tobacco and dioxins. With fluoridation we have had a
fifty year
delay. Unfortunately, because government
officials have put so much of their credibility on the line defending fluoridation,
and because of the huge liabilities waiting in the wings if they admit that
fluoridation has caused an increase in hip fracture, arthritis, bone cancer,
brain disorders or thyroid problems, it will be very difficult for them to
speak honestly and openly about the issue. But they must, not only to protect
millions of people from unnecessary harm, but to protect the notion that, at
its core, public health policy must be based on sound science not political
expediency. They have a tool with which to do this: it's called the
Precautionary Principle. Simply put, this says: if in doubt leave it out. This
is what most European countries have done and their children's teeth have not
suffered, while their public's trust has been strengthened.
It is like a question from a Kafka play. Just how much doubt is needed on just
one of the health concerns identified above, to override a benefit, which when
quantified in the largest survey ever conducted in the US, amounts to less than
one tooth surface (out of 128) in a child's mouth?
For those who would call for further studies, I say fine. Take the fluoride out
of the water first and then conduct all the studies you want. This folly must
end without further delay.
Postscript
Further arguments against fluoridation, can be viewed at
http://www.fluoridealert.org
. Arguments for fluoridation can be found
at
http://www.ada.org
and a more systematic presentation of fluoride’s
toxic effects can be found at
http://www.Slweb.org/bibliography.html
DAMS
International Newsletter
, July
2007 Issue
Higher
Fluoride Gives Lower IQs
,
More
Retardation
By Leo Cashman
|
A
|
n Iranian study has
found that children whose water fluoride is much higher have significantly
lower IQs than comparable children drinking water with a low level of fluoride.
The study was led by B.
Seraj
, MD at the Teheran
University of Medical Science. The sample
included 85
children
from a village having low water fluoride levels, 0.4 parts per million (ppm),
and 41 children from a village having higher fluoride levels,
2.5 ppm. Both villages are in the Qazvin area of Iran
and all of the children in the study had lived in their villages all their
lives; the occupational status and the socioeconomic background of people
living in the two villages was very similar.
The IQ differences were
sharp. The mean IQ level was 98.9 in the low fluoride village versus 87.9 in
the high fluoride village. In the low fluoride village, only 7.1% of the
children fell into the “borderline retarded” category of IQ, (IQ from 70 and
79), while in the high fluoride village, 22% fell into that category. The high
fluoride village also had many more children falling into the “dull normal”
category, (IQ from 80 to 89). 60% of the low fluoride village
children fell into the normal IQ category, (IQ of 90 to 109), while only 39% in
the high fluoride had normal IQs.
16.5% of the low
fluoride children
were “
bright normal”
(IQ of 110 to 119), whereas only 4.9% of the high fluoride children were bright
normal. 7.1% of children in the low fluoride village were in the “superior” IQ
category, (IQ of 120-129); in the high fluoride village none of the children
tested in as having superior IQs.
“High level of fluoride
may be associated with impaired development of intelligence,” the study
found.
In year 2000, Lu and
others published a similar for children in two Chinese villages. The children
in the higher fluoride village (3.15 ppm) had average IQs of 92, as
compared with an average IQ of 103 for children in the lower (0.37 ppm)
fluoride village.
In
2003 Xiang and others looked at children in six groups each having a
different water fluoride level, ranging from the lowest level of
0.36 ppm to 4.16 ppm fluoride at the
highest. Mental retardation (an IQ below 80) rates increased
as the level of fluoride increased. The retardation rate
was 6.5
% in the lowest fluoride group but
retardation came in at 37.5% in the children drinking highest fluoride
|
Effect
of high fluoride concentration in drinking water on children’s intelligence
|
|
Author(s):
Seraj B, Shahrabi M, Falahzade M, Falahzade F, Akhondi N
|
Journal of Dental Medicine,
Vol. 19,
No. 2, Pages 80-86
http://diglib.tums.ac.ir/pub/search.asp?kw=Fluoride
EFFECT
OF HIGH-FLUORIDE WATER ON INTELLIGENCE IN CHILDREN
http://www.fluoride-journal.com/00-33-2/332-74.pdf
EFFECT
OF FLUORIDE IN DRINKING WATER ON CHILDREN’S INTELLIGENCE
http://www.fluoride-journal.com/03-36-2/362-084.pdf
Arsenic
and Fluoride Exposure in Drinking Water: Children's IQ and Growth in
Shanyin
County, Shanxi Province, China
http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2007/9270/abstract.html
Fluoride Linked to Low
IQ, Studies Show
http://fluoridealert.org/news/1655.html
Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards
(2006)
Board on Environmental
Studies and Toxicology
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=205
Confirmation
of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children
exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals. Neurotoxicology. 2007
Sep;28(5):1032-42.
Coplan
MJ
,
Patch SC
,
Masters
RD
,
Bachman MS
.
Silicofluorides
(
SiFs
),
fluosilicic
acid (FSA) and
sodium fluosilicate (
NaFSA
), are used
to fluoridate over 90% of US fluoridated municipal water supplies. Living in communities
with
silicofluoride
treated water (
SiFW
) is associated with two neurotoxic effects:
(1) Prevalence of
children with elevated blood lead
(
PbB
>10microg/dL) is about double that in
non-fluoridated communities (Risk Ratio 2, chi2p<0.01).
SiFW
is associated with serious
corrosion of
lead-bearing brass plumbing
, producing elevated water lead (
PbW
) at the faucet. New data refute the long-prevailing
belief that
PbW
contributes little to
children's
blood lead (
PbB
), it is likely to contribute 50%
or more
. (2)
SiFW
has been shown to
interfere with cholinergic function. Unlike the fully ionized state of fluoride
(F-) in water treated with sodium fluoride (
NaFW
),
the
SiF
anion, [SiF6]2- in
SiFW
releases F- in a complicated dissociation
process. Small amounts of incompletely dissociated [SiF6]2- or low molecular
weight (LMW) silicic acid (SA) oligomers may remain
in
SiFW
. A German PhD study found that
SiFW
is a more powerful inhibitor
of acetylcholinesterase (
AChE
) than
NaFW
. It is proposed here that
SiFW
induces
protein mis-folding via a mechanism that would affect polypeptides in
general, and explain dental fluorosis, a tooth enamel defect that is not
merely "cosmetic" but a "canary in the mine" foretelling
other adverse, albeit subtle, health and behavioral effects.
Association
of
silicofluoride
treated water with
elevated blood lead. Neurotoxicology. 2000
Dec;21(6):1091-100. Masters RD,
Coplan
MJ,
Hone BT, Dykes JE.
RESULTS: For every age/race group, there was a
consistently significant association of
SiF
treated
community water and elevated blood lead.
Decreased
intelligence in children and exposure to fluoride and arsenic in drinking
water. Cad
Saude
Publica. 2007;23Suppl
4:S
579-87.
Rocha-Amador D
,
Navarro ME
,
Carrizales
L
,
Morales R
,
Calderón J
.
These data suggest that children exposed to
either F or
As
have increased risks of
reduced IQ scores.
Arsenic
and fluoride exposure in drinking water: children's IQ and growth in
Shanyin
county, Shanxi province,
China.Environ
Health
Perspect
.
2007 Apr;115(4):643-7.
Epub
2007 Jan
9.
Wang SX
,
Wang
ZH
,
Cheng XT
,
Li J
,
Sang ZP
,
Zhang
XD
,
Han LL
,
Qiao
XY
,
Wu
ZM
,
Wang ZQ
.
Fluorine
as a factor in premature aging] [Article in
Polish] Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2004;50 Suppl 1:9-13,
Machoy-Mokrzyńska A
.
Effects
of fluoridation and disinfection agent combinations on lead leaching from
leaded-brass parts. Neurotoxicology.2007 Sep;28(5):1023-31.
Maas RP
,
Patch SC
,
Christian
AM
,
Coplan
MJ
.
|
How Much Arsenic is Fluoridation
Adding to the Public Water Supply?
|
|
|
October 24,
2000 Fluoride Action
Network
|
|
http://www.fluoridealert.org/f-arsenic.htm
Fluoride and
Lead, byFrances
Frech,
http://sonic.net/kryptox/environ/lead/lead.htm
Chronic Fluoride Poisoning
This contradicts the website of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of The
University of Western Ontario where it says, "In the broadest sense, the term
"Fluorosis" describes a state of toxicity of the trace element,
Fluorine (commonly referred to in its ionic state as Fluoride) within an
organism…Humans appear to vary considerably with respect to their
susceptibility to Fluorosis. As a general guideline, prolonged total
Fluoride intake exceeding 1.0 mg/day can produce clinical signs
of Fluorosis in adults. " The site goes on to say,
"Generally speaking, human Fluoride toxicity will manifest as any
combination of;
§ Dental Fluorosis: the most obvious and easily diagnosed form
of Fluorosis by a characteristic bilateral white mottling of the
dentition. Dental Fluorosis is usually caused by over-exposure to
Fluoride when the dental enamel is actively mineralizing during early childhood.
§ Skeletal Fluorosis: involves abnormal mineralization of bone and soft
tissues and/or the disruption of normal activity of the osteocytes. For
this reason, Skeletal Fluorosis often mimics "generic"
osteoarthritis and/or osteoporosis in relatively young adults.
§ Systemic Fluorosis: due to the chemical nature of Fluoride and its
action(s) within mammalian systems which are not limited to teeth and bone,
Fluoride toxicity may potentially be linked to every major multiple cause
ailment of the 20th century from cancer to
Attention Deficit Disorder.
Fluoride toxicity may be acute or chronic, with affects ranging from cosmetic
damage, to disability and even death. With the exception of
Dental Fluorosis, Fluoride-related illness is often attributed to other
diseases or syndromes (i.e. osteoarthritis for Skeletal Fluorosis,
cardiovascular failure for death by acute Fluoride poisoning) making
Fluorosisin
itself very difficult to track
epidemiologically in the absence of an ecosystem health framework." 8
How to tell if you have fluorosis? Here's what they said:
"What are the symptoms of Fluorosis?
Though apparently vague and non-specific, most of the symptoms of Fluoride
toxicity point towards some kind of profound metabolic
dysfunction,
and
are strikingly similar to the symptoms of Hypothyroidism.
Symptoms of Fluorosis
1. Learning Disorders/Difficulty Concentrating/Incoherence/Memory
Loss/Confusion
2. Body Temperature Disturbances/Cold Shivers
3. Chest Pains
4. Heart Palpitations
5. Depression
6. Dizziness/Vertigo
7. Dyspepsia
8. Excessive Sleepiness/Fatigue
9. Headaches/Migraines
10. Joint Pains
11. Nausea
12. Restlessness
13. Sensitivity to Light
14. Shortness of Breath
15. Difficulties Swallowing
16. Thirst
17. Tinnitus
18. Visual Disturbances
Major Related Diagnoses: Alzheimer's Disease/
demyelinizing
diseases,
anemia, arthritis, breast cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, decrease in
testosterone/spermatogenesis, altered vas deferens/testicular growth, decreased
dental arch, dental crowding, delayed tooth eruption, diabetes insipidus,
diarrhea, Down Syndrome, early onset of
puberty,eosinophilia
,
eye/ear/nose disorders, fever, gastro-intestinal disturbances, gingivitis,
heart disorders, hypertension, hypoplasia, hypothyroidism/thyroid cancer,
kidney dysfunction, osteosarcoma, low birth weight, candidiasis,
multiple sclerosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Parkinson's
Disease, seizures, slurred speech, skin
irritations, ankylosing spondylitis, telangiectasia, thrombosis,
ulcerative colitis, uterine cancer, vaginal bleeding, weak pulse." 8
Fluoride and the Thyroid
A major point of disturbance about the USDA's tolerance of 8 – 10 mg/day
of fluoride is that it only takes 2 – 5 mg/day to disrupt the thyroid. Here's
what Fluoride Alert has to say:
"Starting in the 1930s and extending through to the 1970s, fluoride was
utilized by European and South American doctors as a drug to treat HYPER-
thyroidism
(over-active thyroid).
Of concern today in the United States, and other highly fluoridated
countries, is the fact that some people are now regularly receiving doses of
fluoride that overlap, and exceed, the doses once shown to reduce the activity
of the thyroid.
Whereas doses of 2 to 5 mg/day of fluoride were shown effective at depressing
thyroid function, adults in fluoridated communities in the U.S. are
now regularly receiving between 1.6 and 6.6 mg/day according to a 1991 report
from the Department of Health and Human Services.
While it may be that the thyroid in a patient with hyperthyroidism is
particularly susceptible to the anti-thyroid actions of fluoride, there is
concern that current fluoride exposures may be playing a role in the widespread
incidence of HYPO-
thyroidism
(under-active
thyroid) in the U.S.
Hypothyrodisim
, most commonly diagnosed in women over
40, is a serious condition with a diverse range of symptoms including: fatigue,
depression, weight gain, hair loss, muscle pains, increased levels of
"bad" cholesterol (LDL), and heart disease.. The drug (Synthroid)
used to treat hypothyroidism is now one of the top five prescribed drugs in
the U.S." 9
The USDA document did not mention effects on the thyroid, or any of the
symptoms described by the University of Western Ontario. One has
to assume that they did not analyze for safety of the long-term effects of such
high fluoride consumption as it relates to our thyroids, bones, or other body
organs.
1)
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2005/March/Day-04/p4281.htm
2)
http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/waterfluoridation/other.htm
3) Honeyville's Whole Dried Eggs
4)
http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic181.htm
5) Minnesota Poison Control System
http://www.mnpoison.org/index.asp?pageID=151
6)
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/mba/oct00/sulf.htm
7) Federal Register Environmental Documents
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2005/July/Day-15/p13982.htm
8) Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario CASE
STUDY FOR THE 4TH YEAR COURSE IN ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
DENTAL FLUOROSIS (under development)
http://www.med.uwo.ca/ecosystemhealth/education/casestudies/fluorosismed.htm
9)
http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/thyroid/
10) Washington Post "Professor at Harvard Is Being Investigated" By
Juliet
Eilperin
Wednesday, July 13, 2005;
Page A03
Fluoride Exposure May
Contribute to Early Puberty and Insomnia
Up until the 1990s, no
research had ever been conducted to determine the impact of fluoride on the
pineal gland -- a small gland located between the two hemispheres of the brain
that regulates the production of the hormone melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone
that helps regulate the onset of puberty and helps protect the body from cell
damage caused by free radicals.
It is now known -- thanks to the meticulous research of Dr. Jennifer Luke from
the University of Surrey in England -- that the
pineal gland is the primary target of fluoride accumulation within your body.
After finding that the pineal gland is a major target for fluoride accumulation
in humans, Dr. Luke conducted animal experiments to determine if the
accumulated fluoride could impact the functioning of the gland -- particularly
the gland's regulation of melatonin.
Luke found that animals treated with fluoride had lower levels of circulating
melatonin, as reflected by reduced levels of melatonin metabolites in the
animals' urine. This reduced level of circulating melatonin was accompanied --
as might be expected -- by an earlier onset of puberty in the fluoride-treated
female animals.
Sources:
·
Fluoride Action Network November 2008