The Harm Caused by the Covid Vaccine Spike Protein ( Pubmed autopsies & studies)

 

( studies indicate apparent harm- & warnings of inadequate warnings during test programs of the significant risk of ADE, & other testing inadequacies )

 

Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination (autopsies of 25 patients dying suddenly in 3-week period after vaccination- cause of death myocarditis or acute arrhythmogenic cardiac failure. Conclusion: myocarditis can be a potentially lethal complication following mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.)

A postmortem study of patients vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia (121 autopsies, mostly Sinovac vaccine : Sudden cardiac death was the leading cause of death (53%), with acute myocardial infarction ( 44%), and other cardiovascular diseases (23%) (aortic dissection, aortic aneurysms, arrhythmias).

 

Paper : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF AUTOPSY FINDINGS IN DEATHS AFTER COVID-19 VACCINATION

Findings:  The most implicated organ system in COVID-19 vaccine-associated death was the cardiovascular system (53%), followed by the hematological system (17%), the respiratory system (8%), and multiple organ systems (7%). Three or more organ systems were affected in 21 cases. The mean time from vaccination to death was 14.3 days. Most deaths occurred within a week from last vaccine administration. A total of 240 deaths (73.9%) were independently adjudicated as directly due to or significantly contributed to by COVID-19 vaccination.

The consistency seen among cases in this review with known COVID-19 vaccine adverse events, their mechanisms, and related excess death, coupled with autopsy confirmation and physician-led death adjudication, suggests there is a high likelihood of a causal link between COVID-19 vaccines and death in most cases.

 

Peer-Reviewed, Published : Autopsy Findings in Cases of Fatal COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis

Paper reports on 28 cases of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis and concluded based on the pathologic findings that death was caused by the injection.  CVaxHPM

 

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International Journal of Infectious Disease   revealed the shocking autopsy of a Covid-19 vaccinated patient:-   Pubmed -

 

[Hansen T, Titze U, Kulamadayil -Heidenreich NSA, Glombitza S, Tebbe JJ, Röcken C, Schulz B, Weise M, Wilkens L. First case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Jun;107:172 -175. doi : 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.053. Epub 2021   Apr 16 .   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33872783/ ]

 

A previously symptomless 86-year-old man received the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. He died 4 weeks later from acute renal and respiratory failure. Although he did not present with any COVID-19-specific symptoms, he tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 before he died. Spike protein (S1) antigen-binding showed significant levels for immunoglobulin (Ig) G, while nucleocapsid IgG/IgM was not elicited. Acute bronchopneumonia and tubular failure were assigned as the cause of death at autopsy; however, we did not observe any characteristic morphological features of COVID-19. Postmortem molecular mapping by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed relevant SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in all organs examined (oropharynx, olfactory mucosa, trachea, lungs, heart, kidney and cerebrum) except for the liver and olfactory bulb. These results might suggest that the first vaccination induces immunogenicity but not sterile immunity.

Autopsy of man who died after 3 covid vaccine shots

Doctors found an abundant spike protein in the man’s heart and brain tissues. Importantly, spike protein could only be demonstrated in the areas with acute inflammatory reactions (brain, heart, and blood vessels) … This is strongly suggestive that the spike protein may have played at least a contributing role to the development of the lesions and the course of the disease in this patient, doctors wrote.

Joomi Substack October 4, 2022

 

Autopsy Histopathologic Cardiac Findings in 2 Adolescents Following the Second COVID-19 Vaccine Dose

We   report   the autopsy results, including microscopic myocardial findings, of 2 teenage boys who died within the first week after receiving the second Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 dose. The microscopic findings are not the alterations seen with typical myocarditis. This suggest a role for cytokine storm, which may occur with an excessive inflammatory response, as there also is a feedback loop between catecholamines and cytokines...The first week after the second vaccine dose was found to be the main risk window." These histopathology findings demonstrate a post vaccine pattern of injury

 

R eport 56: Autopsies Reveal Medical Atrocities of Genetic Therapies Being Used Against a Respiratory Virus (Covid)

Dr. Arne Burkhardt is one of eight international pathologists, physicians and scientists who were asked to perform a second autopsy, requested by friends and family of the deceased who were not satisfied with the results of the first autopsy.

18 autopsies and three biopsies were evaluated: 15 cases with routine histopathology (Step 1), three with advanced methods (Step 2)

Death occurred seven days to 180 days following the first or the second Spike-Mediated Gene Therapy (SMGT) with COMIRNATY in eight, Moderna in two, AstraZeneca in two, Janssen in one and Unknown in two.

Causation by SMGT: Very probable in five cases, probable in seven, unclear in two and no connection in one.

Lesions were on multiple organs including: Brain, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lungs, Lymph Node, Salivary Gland, Skin, Spleen, Testis, Thyroid and Vascular. Lymphocyte Infiltration, present in 14 of 20 cases (70%), was a common feature and involved multiple organs. Case 19 had at least five different organs involved. CD3+ Lymphocytes were dominant.

The Vascular System was targeted by Lymphocyte Infiltration in seven (35%) of the cases and included sloughing endothelium, destruction of the vessel wall, hemorrhage and thrombosis. Five cases of unknown foreign material in blood vessels were identified. The favored explanation for origin of this material was aggregated Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs).

Multiple pathologic processes were involved: Apoptosis, Coagulopathy, Clotting/Infarction, Infiltration/Mass Formation, Inflammation, Lysis, Necrosis and Neoplasia.

Röltgen , et al. https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00076-9 found that COVID-19 depleted Lymphatic Germinal Centers (LGCs) whereas SMGT stimulated them, suggesting a possible origin of “Hunter/Killer” CD3+ Lymphocytes that are attracted to certain tissues, particularly the vascular system.

 

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36 Surveys of Side Effects Following Vaccination Showing Shocking Rates of *SEVERE* Adverse Events (Most posted in PubMed)

 

(0.1% AE gives 5.5 million worldwide) (2% AE gives 110,000 million worldwide)

Per Survey Averages for Acute AEs, at least 5% reported severe AEs and .7% reported critical condition (life threatening). For young adults, over 2% reported severe effects and over 20% reported reduced quality of life after vaccination. This would represent over 275,000 million severe cases worldwide and over 40.5 million critical cases. Some of the higher quality surveys with more question specificity imply severe AEs could be much higher than this number. For young adults, the surveys indicate many million with severe effects or reduced quality of life. For those with previous Covid infection, the rates of AEs were at least double those uninfected. This does not include most vaccinated related deaths, autoimmune conditions, and cancer which evidence indicates may be the biggest problem long term.

 

Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review J Clin Pharmacol 2022 Mar;62(3):291-303.

This review included 61 patients who had received COVID-19 vaccines and experienced at least 1 neurological adverse effect. The most common neurological event was facial nerve palsy (50% of all events). Other less frequently reported events included the reactivation of herpes zoster, Guillain-Barre syndrome, other demyelinating diseases, and neuropathy. The underlying mechanism was hypothesized to be related to vaccine-induced type 1 interferon production leading to decreased tolerance of the myelin sheath antigens.

Neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations , Acta Neurol Scand. 2022 Jan;145(1):5-9.

The most frequent serious neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), venous sinus thrombosis (VST), and transverse myelitis. Safety concerns against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are backed by an increasing number of studies reporting neurological side effects.  

 

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis post COVID-19 vaccination; a systematic review

J Neurol Sci   2021 Sep 15

Out of 49 cases reviewed , Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and/or Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were reported in 49% of the patients. The platelet count of the patients was between 5 and 127 cells×10 9 /l, PF4 IgG Assay and d-Dimer were positive in the majority of the reported cases. Among 49 patients with CVST, at least 19 patients died (39%) due to complications of CVST and VITT.

 

Immune thrombocytopenia in a 22-year-old post Covid-19 vaccine . Tarawneh O, Tarawneh H. Am J Hematol . 2021 May 1;96(5 ):E 133-E134. doi : 10.1002/ajh.26106. Epub 2021 Feb 11. PMID: 33476455; PMCID: PMC8014773.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476455/ & https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajh.26106

A 22-year-old healthy male with no medication use received the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT16B2b2 mRNA vaccine through his work as an emergency department employee. On day three, post-vaccination, he experienced widespread petechiae (Figure   1 ) and gum bleeding, which prompted his presentation. He was current on his vaccines, including yearly influenza, with no history of adverse reactions. He denied respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints or a history of infection. He had no personal or family history of bleeding or autoimmune disease. Vital signs and the remainder of his exam were normal. Laboratory tests revealed normal white-cell count, hemoglobin, and severe thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 2 × 10 9 /L. ( others have been documented with this problem)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and acute liver injury after COVID-19 vaccine. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Jul 30;14(7), Hines A, Shen JG, Olazagasti C, Shams S. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34330722/

 

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Ad26.COV2-S Vaccination. Am J Emerg Med. 2021 May 4; 49:441. Yocum A, Simon EL. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33980419/

( dozens of cases reported)

Cases of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia after Receipt of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine, Health Alert Network, https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00442.asp

Thrombocytopenia following Pfizer and Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, American Journal of Hematology, Volume 96 ,   Issue 5 , 1 May 2021, Pages   534-537; Eun -Ju Lee, Douglas B Cines, et al. (4) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajh.26132

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated With Pfizer Vaccine,

https://journals.lww.com  › oaks.journalsdownloadpdf

 

[COVID-19 vaccine and anticoagulation patients at high cardiovascular risk. SEMERGEN recommendations]. Pallarés-Carratalá V, Polo García J, Martín Rioboo E, Ruíz García A, Serrano- Cumplido A, Barrios V; en nombre del Grupo de trabajo de Hipertensión y Enfermedad Cardiovascular de SEMERGEN. Vacuna COVID-19 y pacientes anticoagulados por alto riesgo cardiovascular. Recomendaciones SEMERGEN Semergen . 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):1-3. Spanish. doi

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478841/

New-Onset Acute Kidney Disease Post COVID-19 Vaccination Vaccines 2022 May 9;10(5):742. T here have been increasingly more reports of new acute kidney injury (AKI) after COVID-19 vaccination. Podocyte injury, IgA nephropathy, vasculitis, tubulointerstitial injury, and thrombotic microangiopathy appear to be the main pathological phenotypes.  

New-Onset IgA nephropathy Following COVID-19 Vaccination QJM, 2022 Aug 3.

Recently, there have been increasing reports of immunoglobulin A nephropathy ( IgAN ) after COVID-19 vaccination

Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination Int Immunpharmacol 2022 Sep;110:109061 . The most commonly used vaccines in patients reviewed were Sinopharm [7 cases (50%)] and AstraZeneca [6 cases (42.9%)]. ARDs were significantly more common in subjects who received the AstraZeneca vaccine than in those who received other vaccines. Based on the results, patients were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or one of its subtypes (5 cases), vasculitis (4 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (3 cases), and peripheral seronegative spondyloarthritis (2 cases).  

Development of Graves' Disease After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review Front Public Health 2021 Nov 23;9:778964 .

Mounting evidence has revealed the interrelationship between thyroid and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to explain the thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disorders observed after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

We report a case of a 40-year-old Chinese woman who developed Graves' disease after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.   She developed thyrotoxicosis and was diagnosed to have Graves' disease 5 weeks after the second dose of vaccine, with positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin level, diffuse goiter with hypervascularity on thyroid ultrasonography and diffusely increased thyroid uptake on technetium thyroid scan. Both anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies became positive.   Literature search revealed four cases of Graves' disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, all after mRNA vaccines; and nine cases of subacute thyroiditis, after different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Ocular Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination

Ocular adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccinations include facial nerve palsy, abducens nerve palsy, acute macular neuroretinopathy , central serous retinopathy, thrombosis, uveitis, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, Vogt- Koyanagi -Harada disease reactivation, and new-onset Graves' Disease.

 

Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and measures to prevent them

Recently, The Lancet published a study on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and the waning of immunity with time. The study showed that immune function among vaccinated individuals 8 months after the administration of two doses of COVID-19 vaccine was lower than that among the unvaccinated individuals. According to European Medicines Agency recommendations, frequent COVID-19 booster shots could adversely affect the immune response and may not be feasible. The decrease in immunity can be caused by several factors such as N1-methylpseudouridine, the spike protein, lipid nanoparticles, antibody-dependent enhancement, and the original antigenic stimulus. These clinical alterations may explain the association reported between COVID-19 vaccination and shingles . As a safety measure, further booster vaccinations should be discontinued.

 

Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination

Post-authorization, a wide spectrum of neurological complications is continuously being reported following COVID-19 vaccination. The most devastating neurological post-vaccination complication is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Cerebral venous sinus is frequently reported in females of childbearing age, generally following adenovector-based vaccination. Another major neurological complication of concern is Bell's palsy that was reported dominantly following mRNA vaccine administration. Acute transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy are other unexpected neurological adverse events that occur as result of phenomenon of molecular mimicry. Reactivation of herpes zoster in many persons, following administration of mRNA vaccines, has been also recorded.

New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination

New-onset autoimmune phenomena after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported increasingly ( e.g. immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, autoimmune liver diseases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, IgA nephropathy, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus). Molecular mimicry, the production of particular autoantibodies and the role of certain vaccine adjuvants seem to be substantial contributors to autoimmune phenomena

 

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after COVID-19 vaccination

Serious adverse events including Guillain-Barré syndrome, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, and myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccinations have been reported. Otolaryngologic adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination were reported, including several cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). We report three patients with SSNHL within three days after COVID-19 vaccination and consider an association between them.

 

Delayed headache after COVID-19 vaccination: a red flag for vaccine induced cerebral venous thrombosis J Headache Pain, 2021 Sep 17;22(1):108. Delayed onset of headache following an adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccine is associated with development of CVT . Patients with new-onset headache, 1 week after vaccination with an adenovirus vector-based vaccine, should receive a thorough clinical evaluation and CVT must be ruled out.

There is significant risk of ADE in Covid Vaccines that was not adequate advised of during clinical trials & has not been adequately investigated.

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Informed consent disclosure to vaccine trial subjects of risk of COVID-19 vaccines worsening clinical disease. Cardozo T, Veazey R. Int J Clin Pract . 2021 Mar;75(3 ):e 13795. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33113270/

Conclusions drawn from the study and clinical implications:  The specific and significant COVID-19 risk of ADE should have been and should be prominently and independently disclosed to research subjecSARS-CoV-2

Out of the frying pan and into the fire? Due diligence warranted for ADE in COVID-19. Coish JM, MacNeil AJ. Microbes Infect. 2020 Oct;22(9):405-406. doi : 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.06.006. Epub 2020 Jun 24. PMID: 32590062; PMCID: PMC7311339. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32590062/

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is an atypical immunological paradox commonly associated with dengue virus re-infection. However, various research models have demonstrated this phenomenon with other viral families, including Coronaviridae . Recently, ADE in SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as one hypothesis to explain severe clinical manifestations. Whether SARS-CoV-2 is augmented by ADE remains undetermined and has therefore garnered criticism for the improper attribution of the phenomenon to the pandemic. Thus, critical evaluation of ADE in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development will be indispensable to avoid a global setback and the erosion of public trust .

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Halstead SB, Katzelnick L. COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE? J Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 13;222(12):1946-1950. doi : 10.1093/ infdis /jiaa518. PMID: 32785649; PMCID: PMC7454712.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32785649/

Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines resulted in vaccine hypersensitivity reactions (VAH), similar to those in humans given inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines must avoid VAH.

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Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine . Haynes BF, Corey L, Fernandes P, Gilbert PB, Hotez PJ, Rao S, Santos MR, Schuitemaker H, Watson M, Arvin A. Sci Transl Med. 2020 Nov 4;12(568 ):eabe 0948. doi : 10.1126/ scitranslmed.abe 0948. Epub 2020 Oct 19. PMID: 33077678.

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33077678/

Rigorous clinical trial design and post licensure surveillance should provide a reliable strategy to identify adverse events, including the potential for enhanced severity of COVID-19 disease, after vaccination.

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Allergic reactions to the first COVID-19 vaccine: A potential role of polyethylene glycol? Cabanillas B, Akdis CA, Novak N. Allergy. 2021 Jun;76(6):1617-1618. doi : 10.1111/all.14711. PMID: 33320974.

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33320974/ & https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.14711

On 8th December 2020, the vaccine BNT162b2 was started to be administrated to the population at risk for COVID-19 in the UK. On the second day of the vaccination program, the National Health System (NHS) in England informed that two workers of the NHS experienced adverse allergic symptoms shortly after receiving the vaccine, which prompted MHRA to advise healthcare providers not to administrate the vaccine to subjects with a significant history of allergic reactions. 3

 

Adverse Consequences of Rushing a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Implications for Public Trust . Trogen B, Oshinsky D, Caplan A JAMA. 2020 Jun 23;323(24):2460-2461. doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8917. PMID: 32453392.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32453392/

There is grim historical precedent for allowing expediency to rule vaccine development. In 1955, the inactivated polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk was declared “safe, potent, and effective” following the largest public health experiment in the nation’s history, involving more than a million schoolchildren. 5   Within weeks, however, the miracle vaccine intended to end the scourge of polio stood accused of causing it.

In 1976, concerns about the emergence of a new swine flu strain reminiscent of the lethal 1918 version led President Gerald Ford to convene a panel that recommended a government-backed mass vaccination program. 7   Poorly conceived, the attempt to vaccinate the US population at breakneck speed failed in virtually every respect.

Failing to abide by standards of safety and scientific rigor during the COVID-19 crisis will fuel the argument that physicians and scientists cannot be trusted.  Physicians should not administer inadequately vetted vaccines; researchers should not endorse them without sufficient data.

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How to Investigate a Serious Adverse Event Reported During a Clinical Trial for a COVID-19 Vaccine Saad Shakir ,   Samantha Lane   &   Miranda Davies   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33219926/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40264-020-01018-y#auth-Saad-Shakir

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[Comment] COVID‑19 vaccine safety. Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A Int J Mol Med. 2020 Nov;46(5):1599-1602. doi : 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4733. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 33000193; PMCID: PMC7521561.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33000193/

In response to the SARS‑CoV‑2 outbreak, and the resulting COVID‑19 pandemic, a global competition to develop an anti‑COVID‑19 vaccine has ensued. The targeted time frame for initial vaccine deployment is late 2020. The present article examines whether short‑term, mid‑term, and long‑term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine‑induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It presents scientific evidence of potential pitfalls associated with eliminating critical phase II and III clinical trials, and concludes that there is no substitute currently available for long‑term human clinical trials to ensure long‑term human safety

The UK has approved a COVID vaccine - here's what scientists now want to know . Ledford H, Cyranoski D, Van Noorden R. Nature. 2020 Dec;588(7837):205-206. doi : 10.1038/d41586-020-03441-8. PMID: 33288887.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478841/

Do the vaccines prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2?

In addition to the Pfizer vaccine, regulators are poring over data from a similar   vaccine made by Moderna   of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a   third produced by AstraZeneca of Cambridge, UK, and the University of Oxford, UK . All three have been tested in large clinical trials, and have shown promise in preventing disease symptoms.But none has demonstrated that it prevents infection altogether, or reduces the spread of the virus in a population.  

How long will vaccine-induced immunity last?

There is no quick way to determine how long immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus will last, and researchers will need to monitor this closely in the coming months and years. 

How well do the vaccines work in groups such as older people and children?

The major vaccine trials so far have enrolled tens of thousands of people, but for each one, conclusions about effectiveness are drawn from fewer than 200 people who have developed disease. As a result, it can be difficult to break up the data to look at efficacy in different groups — such as people who are obese or elderly  

Could the virus evolve to evade immunity given by vaccines?

researchers will need to monitor samples of SARS-CoV-2 for signs of change

 

How will scientists monitor for long-term safety concerns?

The vaccine has completed only a few months of the two-year clinical-trial period that it will need to complete before it is approved to be sold freely on the market. You still need strong surveillance.

 

SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike (S)-protein D614G mutations now predominate globally.

Zhang L, Jackson CB, Mou H, Ojha A, Peng H, Quinlan BD, Rangarajan ES, Pan A, Vanderheiden A, Suthar MS, Li W, Izard T, Rader C, Farzan M, Choe H. SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity. Nat Commun . 2020 Nov 26;11(1):6013. doi : 10.1038/s41467-https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33243994/

SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike (S)-protein D614G mutations now predominate globally.

 D614G may increase infectivity by assembling more functional S protein into the virion.